Vitamin B9, Folate needs Vitamin -CLAA and Vitamin B12 to be synthesized properly, which is why Vitamin B12, Cobalamin, also belongs in the Vitamin- C cluster.
Anti-Covid Properties Vitamin B12, Cobalamin
According to the Be Well study, Covid 19 not only resembles Vitamin B12 deficiency, Covid 19 symptoms are also alleviated with Vitamin B12 supplementation.1
Confusing factors and misconceptions Vitamin B12, Cobalamin and fake Vitamin B12, Cyanocobalamin
Contrary to what is often said, Vitamin B12 is not fat soluble.
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in some foods,.. Because vitamin B12 contains the mineral cobalt, compounds with vitamin B12 activity are collectively called “Cobalamin” 2
Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body.3
The exact time that water-soluble vitamins circulate in your body will depend on factors like age, nutrient status, diet, and the like. However, most are depleted within 1-2 days, which means replenishing them daily to ensure sufficient levels if critical for optimal health and performance. 4
Vitamin B12 binds to the protein in the foods we eat. In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and enzymes unbind vitamin B12 into its free form. From there, vitamin B12 combines with a protein called intrinsic factor so that it can be absorbed further down in the small intestine.5
And contrary to what is often claimed, Vitamin B12, Cobalamin, should be taken with Vitamin B9, Folate!
It is often claimed it should not, but it should. In fact, Vitamin B12 enables Folate absorption, instead of what is claimed that, Folate hinders Vitamin B12.
What hinders Vitamin B12 is folic acid, but Folic acid sabotages Folate as well.
Cyanocobalamin is NOT vitamin B12!
Cyanocobalamin is a manufactured version of vitamin B12. 6
Both are nearly identical and contain a cobalt ion surrounded by a corrin ring.7
However, each have a different molecule attached to the cobalt ion.
While methylcobalamin contains a methyl group, cyanocobalamin contains a cyanide molecule. Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that’s not found in nature.8
Methylcobalamin: molecular formula: C63H91CoN13O14P9
Cyanocobalamin molecular formula: C63H88CoN14O14P10
Methylcobalamin11 versus Cyanocobalamin 12molecular structure
Image: Methylcobalamin versus Cyanocobalamin molecular structure13
Methyl group 14 versus Formyl cyanide15 and Cyanide anion 16molecular structure.
Image: Methyl group, Formyl cyanide molecule and Cyanide anion molecular structure17
Cyanide is a deadly toxin!18 Stay away from this stuff! Potential Risks of the fake B12, Cyanocobalamin are: Eye: Contact may cause transient eye irritation. Skin: May cause skin irritation. Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Ingestion of large amounts may cause convulsions, tremors, muscular contractions or spasticity, diarrhea, or fever Inhaling may cause death,.People working with it need protective clothing.19
Function and Health Benefits Vitamin B12,Cobalamin
- Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin needed for proper development and functioning of the nervous system.
- Vitamin B12, or Cobalamin, is necessary for making DNA and for creating energy in our cells. (1) A deficiency of vitamin B12 leads to anemia, fatigue, mania, and depression. A long-term deficiency can cause permanent damage to the brain and central nervous system.
- Vitamin B12 is involved in making red blood cells and
- Vitamin B12 is involved in keeping the nervous system healthy
- Vitamin B12 is involved in release energy from food
- Vitamin B12 is an especially important vitamin for maintaining healthy nerve cells, and it helps in the production of DNA and RNA, the body’s genetic material. Vitamin B12 works closely with vitamin B9, also called Folate, to help make red blood cells and to help iron work better in the body. Folate and B12 work together to produce S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a compound involved in immune function and mood.20
- Vitamin B12 B6, and B9 work together to control blood levels of the amino acid Homocysteine. High levels of Homocysteine are associated with heart disease. However, researchers are not sure whether Homocysteine is a cause of heart disease or just a marker that indicates someone may have heart disease.21
- Vitamin B9 (Folate) +Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Many of the functions of Folate and B12 are linked because of their complementary roles in the “Folate” and “methionine” cycles. Low levels of B12 can result in a functional Folate deficiency, as Folate becomes trapped in the form of methyltetrahydrofolate.
- Proper function of the Folate cycle is essential for the synthesis and regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin, a co-factor for enzymes that convert amino acids to monoamine neurotransmitters (Serotonin, Melatonin, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Aadrenaline) and Nitric Oxide
- They’re also heavily involved in red blood cell production and proper function of the nervous system.22
Relationships Vitamin B12: Made by Bifidus, Enables Vitamin B9 metabolism, is colleagues with Vitamin B9 to make red blood cells so iron works better in the methionine cycle and Vitamin B9 and Vitamin B12 are colleagues with Vitamin B6 to control Homocysteine
Deficiency Causes of Vitamin B12, Cobalamin
- Both Folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency are due to the induction of a functional Folate deficiency, which in turn is induced by Vitamin B12 deprivation.
- The interrelationship between these two Vitamins is best explained by the methyl trap hypothesis stating that Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to lowered levels of methionine synthetase, which results in a functional Folate deficiency by trapping an increased proportion of Folate as the 5-methyl derivative. 23
- A synthetase, also called ligase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the linking together of two molecules usually using the energy derived from the concurrent splitting off of a pyrophosphate group from a triphosphate (such as ATP).24
- In addition, as 5-methyl-H4PteGlu is a poor substrate for folylpolyglutamate synthetase, there is a decreased synthesis of folylpolyglutamates and consequently a decreased retention of folates by tissues. The real Folate deficiency that ensues because of decreased tissue Folate levels is probably as important physiologically as the functional deficiency caused by the methyl trap. The sparing effect of methionine can be explained by adenosylmethionine inhibition of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, which would prevent the buildup of 5-methyl-H4PteGlun. A deficiency in vitamin B12 would not, in itself, be sufficient to cause a disturbance in Folate metabolism.
- The deficiency would have to result in lowered methyltransferase levels before any such disturbance would be manifest. 25
- Vitamin B9 (Folate) +Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Many of the functions of Folate and B12 are linked because of their complementary roles in the “Folate” and “methionine” cycles. Low levels of B12 can result in a functional Folate deficiency, as Folate becomes trapped in the form of methyltetrahydrofolate.
- Folic Acid interferes with Vitamin B12 So that’s why you can get a shortage even though your beneficial microbes make it. And Cyanocobalamin is not real Vitamin B12, so people are taking supplements thinking they are getting Vitamin B12, while they are not. The supplements are poisonous as well. And Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms resemble Covid-19, as do so many Vitamin deficiencies caused by phony supplements.
Deficiency Symptoms Vitamin B12, Cobalamin
A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to
weight loss,
constipation,
anemia.
depression,
dementia, and
memory loss.
Megaloblastic anemia—a condition of larger than normal sized red blood cells and a smaller than normal amount; this occurs because there is not enough vitamin B12 in the diet or poor absorption
Fatigue,
weakness
Nerve damage with numbness, tingling in the hands and legs
Memory loss, confusion
Dementia
Depression
Seizures
Cardiovascular disease
Impaired Cognitive function
Schizophrenia
Vitamin B12 deficiency may show up as Folate deficiency, since without vitamin B12, Folate cannot synthesize properly.
A study by Silver (2000) on 644 bedridden psychotics reported that 78.3% of schizophrenic patients had vitamin B12 deficiency.
Upper limit Vitamin B12, Methyl Cobalamin: there is none
No upper limit for real Vitamin B12, Cobalamin. The fake Vitamin B12 in supplements, Cyanocobalamin, is useless and dangerous in all quantities, since it has cyanide.26
RealVitamin B12 , Cobalamin is a water-soluble vitamin, so any unused amount will exit the body through the urine. Generally, up to 1000 mcg a day of an oral tablet to treat a deficiency is considered safe. The Institute of Medicine states “no adverse effects have been associated with excess vitamin B12 intake from food and supplements in healthy individuals.”
RDA for Vitamin B12, Cobalamin
Now this is tricky, since official sources don’t make a distinction between real and fake Vitamin B12. This is what the NIH says:
“RDA: The Recommended Dietary Allowance for men and women ages 14 years and older is 2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily. For pregnancy and lactation, the amount increases to 2.6 mcg and 2.8 mcg daily, respectively.
UL: A Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the maximum daily dose unlikely to cause adverse side effects in the general population. No upper limit has been set for vitamin B12, as there is no established toxic level. However, some evidence suggests that supplements of 25 mcg per day or higher may increase the risk of bone fractures.
Adults (aged 19 to 64) need about 1.5 micrograms a day of vitamin B12.”27
It’s fake Vitamin B12, the cyanocobalamin that causes problems. Real Vitamin B12, Methylcobalamin, is healthy.
Food Sources Vitamin B12, Cobalamin
Amount of Vitamin B12, Cobalamin in 100 grams of
- Kombucha has 840 mcg of B12 28
- Chiorella 200 µg29
- Nori 77.6 30One sheet of nori has 1.9 mcg of B1231 1.9 mcg is above the RDA for people over 60 and more than half the daily amount recommended for pregnant women!
- Shiitake Mushrooms 5.6 mcg32
- Swiss cheese: 100 grams has 3.1μg (128% DV)
- Golden Chanterelle mushrooms 2.65 mcg 33
- Whey powder: 100 grams has 2.4μg (99% DV)
- Emmentaler Cheese 2.1 34
- Brie 1.7 µg 35
- Cheese, Gouda or Edam 1.54 mcg36
- Camembert 1.3 µg
- Eggs 100 grams100 grams of egg has, 1.1μg (96% DV) (2 medium size eggs) have 2.7mcg Vitamin B12, which is 108% of the RD!
- black trumpet mushrooms 1.09 mcg37
- Mushrooms such as Porcini mushrooms, Parasol mushroom, oyster mushroom and Black Morels 0.9 mcg/100mcg dried weight38
- Low fat yogurt: 100 grams has 0.6μg (25% DV)39, the same amount that meat has on average (porc has 0.3 mcg, beef has about 2 mcg of B12 per 100 grams40) so the claim that you need meat to get enough Vitamin B12, as well as the claim that seaweed is an unreliable source of B12 because the amounts vary, has no base in reality. With at least 50 times the amount of B12 there is in meat and 30 times the RDA, there is plenty of room for variation and zero chance that you will miss out on Vitamin B12 when you rely on seaweed as a source!
- Low fat milk: 100 grams has 0.5μg (22% DV)
- Milk Kefir 0.3 μg 41
Image: Vitamin B12, Cobalamin food sources 42: Kombucha, Chiorella, Nori, Shiitake mushrooms, Swiss cheese, Emmentaler, Brie, Oyster mushrooms, and also black trumpet mushrooms, Porcini mushrooms, parasol mushroom and black morels, Yogurt and Kefir.
Stability Vitamin B12, Cobalamin
Vitamin B-12 is stable at room temperature. It doesn’t need to be refrigerated. Cooking doesn’t destroy it. Vitamin B-12 doesn’t break down—even at the boiling point of water—for several hours.43
References
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bInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
cDepartment of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
dClinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
eDepartment of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428453/
2Vitamin B12, NIH,Health Professional Fact sheet, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/
3Vitamins, Medline Plus, https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002399.htm
4How Long Do Vitamins Stay in Your System? A Complete Guide, Performance Lab, Updated: Jan 20, 2022|,https://www.performancelab.com/blogs/multi/how-long-do-vitamins-stay-in-your-system
5Vitamin B12 The Nutrition Source, Harvard School of Public health, Th Chan, https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-b12
6Cyanocobalamin, NHS, https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/cyanocobalamin/
7Corrin,Science Direct, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/corrin
8Vitamin B12: Mecobalamin Or Cyanocobalamin: Which one is better? Linked In, October 22, 2022,Pankaj Nemade, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/vitamin-b12-mecobalamin-cyanocobalamin-which-one-nemade-m-tech-mba/
9Methylcobalamin, Wikiipedia, edited January 31, 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcobalamin
10Cyanocobalamin,Wikipedia, edited january 31, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanocobalamin
11Methylcobalamin, Wikipedia, November 23, 2017, Alsosaid1987, chemdraw of methylcobalamin, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcobalamin#/media/File:Methylcobalamin.png
12Cyanocobalamin molecular structure, Wikipedia, December 10 , 2017 , Alsosaid1987 , CC BY-SA 4.0 File:Cyanocobalamin-b12.png, Created:- Own work Chemical structure of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12 with cyanide ligand, produced after treatment with activated charcoal), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanocobalamin#/media/File:Cyanocobalamin-b12.png
13Methylcobalamin versus Cyanocobalamin molecular structure, Dandhea, April 2, 2023
14Methyl molecular structure, UCLA, Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry, Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry, Methyl group, http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/IGOC/M/methyl_group.html
15Molecular structure formyl cyanide, Wikipedia, April 20, 2017,Ed (Edgar181) , Public Domainv, File:Formyl cyanide.svg, 2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formyl_cyanide#/media/File:Formyl_cyanide.svg
16Molecular structure Cyanide anion, Vector stock, Vinterstein, Cyanide anion chemical structure skeletal formula vector image, Vector stock, https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/cyanide-anion-chemical-structure-skeletal-formula-vector-39243672
17Methyl versus formylcyanide and cyanide anion molecular structure,Dandhea, April 2, 2023
18Acute cyanide Intoxication: A rare case of survival, PMC, May-June , 2014, Jethava D, Gupta P, Kothari S, Rijhwani P, Kumar A. Acute cyanide Intoxication: A rare case of survival. Indian J Anaesth. 2014 May;58(3):312-4. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.135045. PMID: 25024476; PMCID: PMC4090999.,Durga Jethava, Priyamvada Gupta,1 Sandeep Kothari,1 Puneet Rijhwani,2 and Ankit Kumar1, Department of Anaesthesiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India1Department of Critical Care, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India2Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaAddress for correspondence: Dr. Durga Jethava, Department of Anaesthesia, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. E-mail: moc.liamg@avahtejd, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090999/
19Cyanocobalamin Material Safety Data sheet, Fisher Scientific, http://dept.harpercollege.edu/chemistry/msds/Cyanocobalamin%20Vit%20B12.pdf
20Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), Mount Sinai, https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/supplement/vitamin-b12-cobalamin
21Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), Mount Sinai, https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/supplement/vitamin-b12-cobalamin
22How Long Do Vitamins Stay in Your System? A Complete Guide, Performance Lab, Updated: Jan 20, 2022|,https://www.performancelab.com/blogs/multi/how-long-do-vitamins-stay-in-your-system
23Vitamin B12-folate interrelationships, PubMed, 1985, Shane B, Stokstad EL. Vitamin B12-folate interrelationships. Annu Rev Nutr. 1985;5:115-41. doi: 10.1146/anurev.nu.05.070185.000555. PMID: 3927946.B Shane, E L Stokstad, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3927946/n
24Synthetase, Merriam Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthetase
25Vitamin B12-folate interrelationships, PubMed, 1985, Shane B, Stokstad EL. Vitamin B12-folate interrelationships. Annu Rev Nutr. 1985;5:115-41. doi: 10.1146/anurev.nu.05.070185.000555. PMID: 3927946.B Shane, E L Stokstad, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3927946/n
26Can Cyanide Come From Vitamin B12?Toolbox Genomics, 2023, https://www.toolboxgenomics.com/blog/can-cyanide-come-from-vitamin-b12/
27Vitamin B12, Fact sheet for health Professionals, NIH, Updated Decembe22, 2022, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/
28Mineral and water soluble vitamin content in the Kombucha drink, Research,Research Gate, December 2001International Journal of Food Science & Technology 35(2):201 – 205, DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2621.2000.00342.x, Authors:, Biljana Bauer-Petrovska, Lidija Petrusevska Tozi, Ss. Cyril and Methodius UniversityIskopje, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227802174_Mineral_and_water_soluble_vitamin_content_in_the_Kombucha_drink
29Organic chlorella titrated in vitamin B12: The natural “super food”, Elementa, https://www.elementa-ingredients.com/en/news/organic-chlorella-titrated-b12-natural-super-food
30Is Nori the New B12 Shot? (Maybe for Vegetarians), PH, Proactive Health, Joy Stephenson-Laws, JD, Founder, https://www.phlabs.com/is-nori-the-new-b12-shot-maybe-for-vegetarians
31The best sources of B12 for vegans — and when to take a supplement Insider Review, September 23, 2020, Ashley Lyles, https://www.insider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/b12-foods-vegan
32The best sources of B12 for vegans — and when to take a supplement, Insider Review, September 23, 2020, Ashley Lyles, https://www.insider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/b12-foods-vegan
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ATP SCIENCE | OCTOBER 07, 2016, https://au.atpscience.com/blogs/blog/the-best-sources-of-vitamin-b12-for-veganvegetarians
34Emmental, Le Figaro, Santé https://sante.lefigaro.fr/mieux-etre/nutrition-aliments/emmental/composition
35B12 in Brie Cheese, 2000KCAL,https://www.2000kcal.cz/lang/en/values/brie-cheese-4666
36Cheese, Gouda or Edam, Food Data Central, October 30, 2020, https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1098015/nutrients
37THE BEST SOURCES OF VITAMIN B12 FOR VEGANS AND VEGETARIANS
ATP SCIENCE | OCTOBER 07, 2016, https://au.atpscience.com/blogs/blog/the-best-sources-of-vitamin-b12-for-veganvegetarians
38THE BEST SOURCES OF VITAMIN B12 FOR VEGANS AND VEGETARIANS
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41How Much Vitamin B-12 Is Found in Kefir? SFGate, updated December 20, 2018, Teo A.W.Quay, https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/much-vitamin-b12-found-kefir-11461.html , Kefir, Food Data Central, October 30, 2020, https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1097530/nutrients
42Vitamin B9, Folate food sources, Dandhea, August 30, 2022
43Vitamin B-12, Health Encyclopedia, University of Rochester, 2023, https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=19&contentid=vitaminb-12
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