But this is a highly unstable element, and so it is not how it appears in food. This is how phosphorus appears in food:
P hosphorus in food
Image: Phosphorus in food:7(A) adenosine 5 0 -triphosphate; (meat) (B) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate;(dairy products) (C) cytidine triphosphate; ( beer, tomatoes, broccoli, and oats.8 ) (D) riboflavin-5 0 -phosphate; (Vitamin B2, for food sources see chapter 7.6.B.2.)(E) creatine phosphate; (meat and fish9) (F) pyridoxal-5 0 -phosphate. (Vitamin B6 pyridoxine.10 For food sources see Chapter 7.6.B6)
Revici classified Phosphorus as theoretically anabolic.
Image: Phosphorus theoretically anabolic on Revici’s chart11
“Phosphorus” comes from the Greek word phosphorous, which means “bringer of light.” In drug or supplement form, it’s called phosphate12. Phosphorus plays an important role in keeping you healthy, so it’s an important part of your diet13.
This mineral is hard at work in every one of the trillions of cells in your body right now14.
Function and Health Benefits Phosphorus
Phosphorus is an essential mineral that your body uses to build healthy bones, create energy and make new cells15.You have more of this mineral in your body than any other except calcium. Sulfur, calcium 16 and phosphorus are the three most abundant minerals in the human body17.
One of its main tasks is to serve as a building block for healthy teeth and bones18.You may think that’s calcium’s job. But calcium needs phosphorus to make your teeth and bones strong19 and create healthy bones20 create energy and make new cells21.Phosphorus is a building block for healthy teeth and bones22.
Phosphorus also helps your nerves and muscles do their jobs23.
Phosphorus also helps you turn fat, carbs, and protein 24into energy.
Phosphorus aids in weight loss
Phosphorus and Calcium work together maintain a healthy blood PH.25. More Phosphorus means more alkaline blood, More Calcium means more acidic blood. The ideal calcium to phosphorus ratio is 1-2:126Phosphorus is a a buffer that keeps the pH level in your blood balanced27.
According to the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, normal blood pH levels are between 7.35 and 7.45.
A blood pH above 7.45 indicate alkalosis, or too much phosphorus
A blood pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis.28, or too much calcium.
Acidosis reduces, and alkalosis increases the binding of calcium to albumin, causing increased or decreased levels of ionized calcium, respectively29.
So acidosis reduces the binding of calcium to albumin, causing increased levels of ionized calcium,
and alkalosis increases the binding of calcium to albumin, causing decreased levels of ionized calcium.
High pH levels cause low calcium levels.
Deficiency Symptoms Phosphorus : Metabolic acidosis too low blood pH
Low phosphorus status has been positively associated with increased body weight33.
Low phosphorus may cause kidney stones:
Nerve disorders
Osteomalacia , which is a marked softening of your bones.
Rhabdomyolysis is a serious syndrome due to a direct or indirect muscle injury. It results from the death of muscle fibers and release of their contents into the bloodstream. This can lead to serious complications such as renal (kidney) failure. This means the kidneys cannot remove waste and concentrated urine. In rare cases, Rhabdomyolysis can even cause death. However, prompt treatment often brings a good outcome. Here’s what you need to know about Rhabdomyolysis.
The “classic triad” of Rhabdomyolysis symptoms are:
muscle pain in the shoulders, thighs, or lower back;
muscle weakness or trouble moving arms and legs. Half of people with the condition may have no muscle-related symptoms.
dark red or brown urine or decreased urination. Other common signs of Rhabdomyolysis include:
Peripheral neuropathy, a result of damage to the nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves), often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can also affect other areas and body functions including digestion, urination and circulation35
Some of the common symptoms of metabolic acidosis, when there is too little phosphorus and too much calcium, and the blood pH is too low, include the following:
rapid and shallow breathing
confusion
fatigue
headache
sleepiness
lack of appetite
jaundice
increased heart rate
breath that smells fruity, which is a sign of diabetic acidosis (ketoacidosis)
Without prompt treatment, acidosis may lead to the following health complications:
When blood pH levels become too high, and thus the blood too alkaline it is called Alkalosis. Metabolic Alkalosis. can have central nervous system manifestations ranging from confusion to coma, peripheral neuropathic symptoms of tremor, tingling and numbness, muscle weakness and twitching, and arrhythmia’s, particularly when associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia.
Deficiency Causes Phosphorus
Calcium overload causes Phosphorus deficiency
Calcium overload can be caused by oral vitamin D,
Phosphorus deficiency, also called hypophosphatemia, can happen
The recommended daily intake (RDI) for adults is 700 mg, but growing teens and pregnant women need more. The daily value (DV) was estimated to be 1,000 mg, but was recently updated to 1,250 mg to cover the needs of these groups52.
How much phosphorus you need depends on your age. (Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding need the same amount as other adults.)
If you have a health issue that keeps you from getting enough phosphorus from food, your doctor can prescribe a supplement. Phosphate also treats some types of urinary tract infections and prevents calcium stones in the urinary tract54.
The stability of phosphorus depends on the form it is in. As riboflavin Vitamin B2, (dairy products, nuts, seeds, mushrooms) Riboflavin it is heat stable but light sensitive. Thermal decomposition of Vitamin B2 in air atmosphere occurs at 296 °C. 72If Vitamin B2 is exposed to too much light it can be deactivated from its usable form. UV light can destroy a percentage73 of Vitamin B2, Riboflavin74So heat it any way you like, but store it in the dark. And if you heat it, use the fluids you used to cook or fry it in for soups or sauce, since the vitamins and minerals leech into them. As Vitamin B6 (nuts, seeds, vegetables) Thermal decomposition in air atmosphere occurs at 212 °C. 75 As with all B Vitamins, use the fluids you boiled, cooked or fried them in, because the Vitamins leech in them.
Relationships Phosphorus: Seesaw with Calcium to regulate blood pH: Low Phosphorus, low pH Acidosis, High Phosphorus, high pH, Alkalosis
Alkalosis(Too much phosphorus, too little calcium) and Acidosis (too little phosphorus, too much calcium)
1What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride?PubMed,February 2009, Bergman C, Gray-Scott D, Chen JJ, Meacham S. What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Feb;49(2):136-44. doi: 10.1080/10408390701764468. PMID: 18989832.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18989832/
3What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride?PubMed,February 2009, Bergman C, Gray-Scott D, Chen JJ, Meacham S. What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Feb;49(2):136-44. doi: 10.1080/10408390701764468. PMID: 18989832.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18989832/
4SARS-CoV-2: influence of phosphate and magnesium, moderated by vitamin D, on energy (ATP) metabolism and on severity of COVID-19, PubMed,January 1, 2021, van Kempen TATG, Deixler E. SARS-CoV-2: influence of phosphate and magnesium, moderated by vitamin D, on energy (ATP) metabolism and on severity of COVID-19. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 1;320(1):E2-E6. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00474.2020. Epub 2020 Nov 11. PMID: 33174766; PMCID: PMC7816430.Theo A T G van Kempen 1, Elisabeth Deixler 2,1North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.2München, Germany., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33174766/
7Phosphorus in food,ResearchGate, May 2019, Biomolecule-assisted green synthesis of nanostructured calcium phosphates and their biomedical applications, Chao Qi, Sara Musetti, Lian-Hua Fu[…], Leaf Huanghttps://www.researchgate.net/figure/Chemical-structures-of-typical-phosphorus-containing-biomolecules-A-adenosine-5-0_fig18_333053839
8Potential SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitors of cytidine derivatives: NIH, November 28, 2022, M A Kawsar S, Hosen MA, Ahmad S, El Bakri Y, Laaroussi H, Ben Hadda T, Almalki FA, Ozeki Y, Goumri-Said S. Potential SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitors of cytidine derivatives: Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, ADMET, and POM analyses for the identification of pharmacophore sites. PLoS One. 2022 Nov 28;17(11):e0273256. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273256. PMID: 36441684; PMCID: PMC9704642., Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, ADMET, and POM analyses for the identification of pharmacophore sites, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9704642
17Are we getting enough sulfur in our diet? PubMed, November 6, 2007, Nimni ME, Han B, Cordoba F. Are we getting enough sulfur in our diet? Nutr Metab (Lond). 2007 Nov 6;4:24. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-4-24 PMID: 17986345 PMCID: PMC2198910, Marcel E Nimni, 1 Bo Han,1 and Fabiola Cordoba2 , 1Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 90032, USA2Pediatrics Medical Group, San Juan, 00907, Puerto Rico,corresponding authorCorresponding author.,Marcel E Nimni: moc.loa@700inmin; Bo Han: ude.csu@nahob; Fabiola Cordoba: moc.loa@abodrocaloibaf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2198910/
20What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride?PubMed,February 2009, Bergman C, Gray-Scott D, Chen JJ, Meacham S. What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Feb;49(2):136-44. doi: 10.1080/10408390701764468. PMID: 18989832.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18989832/
21What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride?PubMed,February 2009, Bergman C, Gray-Scott D, Chen JJ, Meacham S. What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Feb;49(2):136-44. doi: 10.1080/10408390701764468. PMID: 18989832.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18989832/
26Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health, PMC, July 13, 2017, Loughrill E, Wray D, Christides T, Zand N. Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health. Matern Child Nutr. 2017 Jul;13(3):e12368. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12368, Epub 2016 Sep 9. PMID: 27612307; PMCID: PMC6865864, Emma Loughrill 1, David Wray 1, Tatiana Christides 1, Nazanin Zand 1 , Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27612307/
29Hypocalcemia, NIH, August 8, 2021. Abhinav Goyal; Catherine Anastasopoulou; Michael Ngu; Shikha Singh. 1 Einstein Medical Center, 2 Einstein Medical Center, 3 University of Heidelberg Medical School Germany, 4 Wyckoff Heights Medical Center https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430912/
32Dangers of very low blood pH,PMC, July, 2011, Rosival V. Dangers of very low blood pH. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2011 Jul;15(3):194. doi: 10.4103/0972-5229.84887 ,PMID: 22013317; PMCID: PMC3190476. Viktor Rosival, Department of Laboratory Medicine, SYNLAB, Dérer’s Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia, Correspondence: Dr. Viktor Rosival, Department of Laboratory Medicine, SYNLAB, Dérer’s Hospital, Limbová 5, SK-833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia, Europe. E-mail: moc.liamtoh@vlavisor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3190476/
33Effect of phosphorus supplementation on weight gain and waist circumference of overweight/obese adults: a randomized clinical trial,PMC, December 21, 2015, Ayoub JJ, Samra MJ, Hlais SA, Bassil MS, Obeid OA. Effect of phosphorus supplementation on weight gain and waist circumference of overweight/obese adults: a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Diabetes. 2015 Dec 21;5(12):e189. doi: 10.1038/nutd.2015.38 PMID: 26690287 PMCID: PMC4735052, J J Ayoub,1,4 M J A Samra,1,4 S A Hlais,2 M S Bassil,3 and O A Obeid1,* 1Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 2Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon 3Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon *Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon. E-mail: bl.ude.bua@diebo.ramohttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735052/
49Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health, PMC, July 13, 2017, Loughrill E, Wray D, Christides T, Zand N. Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health. Matern Child Nutr. 2017 Jul;13(3):e12368. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12368, Epub 2016 Sep 9. PMID: 27612307; PMCID: PMC6865864, Emma Loughrill 1, David Wray 1, Tatiana Christides 1, Nazanin Zand 1 , Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27612307/
51Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health, PMC, July 13, 2017, Loughrill E, Wray D, Christides T, Zand N. Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health. Matern Child Nutr. 2017 Jul;13(3):e12368. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12368, Epub 2016 Sep 9. PMID: 27612307; PMCID: PMC6865864, Emma Loughrill 1, David Wray 1, Tatiana Christides 1, Nazanin Zand 1 , Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27612307/
52Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. Final rule,Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. Final rule. Fed Regist. 2016 May 27;81(103):33741-999. PMID: 27236870.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27236870/
68Phytate in foods and significance for humans: food sources, intake, processing, bioavailability, protective role and analysis,PubMed, September 2009, Schlemmer U, Frølich W, Prieto RM, Grases F. Phytate in foods and significance for humans: food sources, intake, processing, bioavailability, protective roleand analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Sep;53 Suppl 2:S330-75. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900099, PMID: 19774556, Ulrich Schlemmer 1, Wenche Frølich, Rafel M Prieto, Felix Grases https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19774556/
69Changes in phytates and HCl extractability of calcium, phosphorus, and iron of soaked, dehulled, cooked, and sprouted pigeon pea cultivar (UPAS-120), PubMed, September 2009, Schlemmer U, Frølich W, Prieto RM, Grases F. Phytate in foods and significance for humans: food sources, intake, processing, bioavailability, protective role and analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Sep;53 Suppl 2:S330-75. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900099, PMID: 19774556, Ulrich Schlemmer 1, Wenche Frølich, Rafel M Prieto, Felix Grases , Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Instituteof Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany, ulrich.schlemmer@mri.bund.de, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19774556/
Zinc is a trace element which is essential to to cell function and involved in over 100 enzymes. Zinc has long been tauted for it’s potential to support the immune system, but also plays an important role in wound healing, fertility, preventing and treating pneumonia and preserving community between neurons (memory).
According to Revici’s theory4, Zinc is strongly anabolic, which means it builds up the body.
Omega-3-ALA and Omega-6-LAalso work as Zinc ionophores, with the extra advantage of repairing cell membranes and carrying Zinc to damaged cell membranes, as Dr. Revici explained.
Zinc is an essential mineral forming a component of more than 300 enzymes in the body with functions including wound healing, immune system function, building proteins and DNA, fertility in adults and growth in children. Zinc is also needed for maintaining the senses of smell and taste.
The essentiality of zinc in humans was established in 1963.
During the past 50 years tremendous advances in both clinical and basic sciences of zinc metabolism in humans have been observed.
In 1963, we knew of only 3 enzymes that required zinc for their activities, but now we know of >300 enzymes and >1000 transcription factors that are known to require zinc for their activities.5
Zinc is a second messenger of immune cells, and intracellular free zinc in these cells participate in signaling events.
Zinc not only modulates cell-mediated immunity but is also an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
Health benefits
Zinc has been very successfully used as a therapeutic modality for the management of acute diarrhea in children, Wilson’s disease, the common cold and for the prevention of blindness in patients with age-related dry type of macular degeneration and is very effective in decreasing the incidence of infection in the elderly.
A deficiency in zinc can lead to loss of the senses of smell and taste, stunted growth, diarrhea, impotence, hair loss, eye and skin lesions, impaired appetite, and depressed immunity.
The major factor contributing to zinc deficiency is high phytate-containing cereal protein intake
in the developing world, and nearly 2 billion subjects may be zinc deficient.
Conditioned deficiency of zinc has been observed in patients with malabsorption syndrome, liver disease, chronic renal disease, sickle cell disease, and other chronic illnesses.
The figure below shows the effect of QCT (Which is quercitin) , EGCG, and CQ (clioquinol) on the uptake of zinc cations by liposomes. Zinc-dependent fluorescence emission of FluoZin-3 encapsulated within liposomes treated with zinc cation s, polyphenols, and CQ.
Quinine is known as a serious poison, but small quantities are recognized as therapeutic.
The advice is to take 300 mg a day. Tonic water contains no more than 83 mg of quinine per liter—a much lower concentration than the 500 to 1,000 mg in the therapeutic dose of quinine tablets. 29
And the amount in walnuts and grapefruit is still lower.
Quercetin (C15H10O7) is a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, which has unique biological properties that may improve mental/physical performance and reduce infection risk . These properties form the basis for potential benefits to overall health and disease resistance, including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and psychostimulant activities, as well as the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and capillary permeability, and to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis
Quercetins are naturally occurring flavonoids. These flavonoids are found in a variety of foods, including vegetables such as onions, garlic, brassica, mustard greens, and ginger; fruit such as apples, berries, and grapes; and many seeds, nuts, flowers bark and tea leaves35
Quercetin as a Zinc Ionophore
Quercetin is a zinc ionophore (13). A 2015 study found that that Quercetin shows inhibitory activity in the early stages of a wide range of influenza viruses, including H1N1 and H5N1 (14). Although influenza is not in the same family of viruses as the coronavirus, it’s plausible that a similar mechanism could apply here. There is actually some evidence that Quercetin has already proven effective at treating Ebola and Zika viruses36.
Hypothesis of zinc ascorbate as best zinc ionophore for raising antiviral resistance against Covid‐1937.
Quercetin-type flavonols (primarily as quercetin glycosides), the most abundant of the flavonoid molecules, are widely distributed in plants.
They are found in a variety of foods including apples, berries, Brassica vegetables, capers, grapes, onions, shallots, tea, and tomatoes, as well as many seeds, nuts, flowers, barks, and leaves.
Quercetin is also found in medicinal botanicals, including Ginkgo biloba, Hypericum perforatum, and Sambucus canadensis .
In red onions, higher concentrations of quercetin occur in the outermost rings and in the part closest to the root, the latter being the part of the plant with the highest concentration .
One study found that organically grown tomatoes had 79% more quercetin than chemically grown fruit .
Quercetin is present in various kinds of honey from different plant sources .
Food-based sources of quercetin include vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, beverages and other products of plant origin .
In the determined food, the highest concentration is 234 mg/100 g of edible portion in capers (raw), the lowest concentration is 2 mg/100 g of edible portion in black or green tea (Camellia sinensis) 38.
Dietary intake of quercetin was different in several countries. The estimated flavonoid intake ranges from 50 to 800 mg/day (quercetin accounts for 75%), mostly depending on the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the intake of tea39 . Foods that commonly contain quercetin include onions, apples, grapes, berries, broccoli, citrus fruits, cherries, tea, and capers
The concentrations of flavonols (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) were determined in 22 plant materials (9 vegetables, 5 fruits, and 8 medicinal plant organs). The materials were extracted with acidified methanol (methanol/HCl, 100:1, v/v) and analyzed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) with UV detection. The total flavonols contents varied significantly (P<0.05) among vegetables, fruits and medicinal plant organs ranged from 0 to 1720.5, 459.9 to 3575.4, and 2.42 to 6125.6mgkg(-1) of dry matter, respectively. Among vegetables, spinach and cauliflower exhibited the highest amounts of flavonols (1720.5 and 1603.9mgkg(-1), respectively), however, no flavonols were detected in garlic. Within fruits, highest level of flavonols was observed in strawberry (3575.4mgkg(-1)), whereas, the lowest in apple fruit (459.9mgkg(-1)). Of the medicinal plant organs, moringa and aloe vera leaves contained the highest contents of flavonols (6125.6 and 1636.04mgkg(-1)), respectively, whereas, lowest was present in barks (2.42-274.07mgkg(-1)). Overall, leafy green vegetables, soft fruits and medicinal plant leaves exhibited higher levels of flavonols.41
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid, and is a type of catechin.
EGCG – the most abundant catechin in tea 56especially in in green tea and touted as the most effective chemopreventive polyphenol . A recent study found EGCG amplified the effectiveness of Quercetin as a zinc ionophore. This suggests that ECGC and Quercetin provide a synergistic effect with enhanced bioavailability.
5Vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies,PubMed, January, 2017, Jat KR. Vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Trop Doct. 2017 Jan;47(1):77-84. doi: 10.1177/0049475516644141. Epub 2016 May 13. PMID: 27178217,Kana Ram Jat 1 , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27178217/
16ALOE VERA: A SHORT REVIEW, PMC, 2008, Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple DG. Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163-6. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.44785. PMID: 19882025; PMCID: PMC2763764., Amar Surjushe, Resham Vasani, and D G Saple , From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Grant Medical College and Sir J J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai – 400 008 Maharashtra, IndiaAddress for correspondence: Dr. Amar Surjushe, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Grant Medical College, Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital, Mumbai – 400 008, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: moc.liamffider@ehsujrusramard https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763764/
17Aloe vera extract functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nanoantibiotics against multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates, PubMed, March 12, 2016, Ali K, Dwivedi S, Azam A, Saquib Q, Al-Said MS, Alkhedhairy AA, Musarrat J. Aloe vera extract functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nanoantibiotics against multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2016 Jun 15;472:145-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.03.021. Epub 2016 Mar 12. PMID: 27031596, Khursheed Ali1, Sourabh Dwivedi2, Ameer Azam3, Quaiser Saquib4, Mansour S Al-Said5, Abdulaziz A Alkhedhairy4, Javed Musarrat6 , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27031596/
18Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease from Aloe vera compounds: A molecular docking study,PubMed, September 2020, Mpiana PT, Ngbolua KT, Tshibangu DST, Kilembe JT, Gbolo BZ, Mwanangombo DT, Inkoto CL, Lengbiye EM, Mbadiko CM, Matondo A, Bongo GN, Tshilanda DD. Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease from Aloe vera compounds: A molecular docking study. Chem Phys Lett. 2020 Sep;754:137751. doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137751. Epub 2020 Jun 30. PMID: 33518775; PMCID: PMC7833182. Pius T Mpiana 1, Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua 2 3, Damien S T Tshibangu 1, Jason T Kilembe 1, Benjamin Z Gbolo 2 3, Domaine T Mwanangombo 1, Clement L Inkoto 2, Emmanuel M Lengbiye 2, Clement M Mbadiko 2, Aristote Matondo 1, Gedeon N Bongo 2, Dorothée D Tshilanda, 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, P.O Box 190, Kinshasa 11, Congo.2Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, P.O Box 190, Kinshasa 11, Congo.3Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gbado-Lite, P.O Box 111, Gbado-Lite, Congo. 1https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33518775/
20Ionophores: Ionophores are low molecular weight natural products which dissolve in the plasma membrane or intracellular membranes of cells and make the membrane permeable to specific ions, Science Direct,https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/ionophores
21Ionophores: Ionophores are low molecular weight natural products which dissolve in the plasma membrane or intracellular membranes of cells and make the membrane permeable to specific ions, Science Direct,https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/ionophores
28What to know about quinine in tonic water, Medical News Today, November 14, 2018 ,Jenna Fletcher,,Medically reviewed by Katherine Marengo LDN, R.D., Nutrition , https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323692
2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy, Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical, Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy, Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical, Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy, Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical, Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy, Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical, Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
44Effect of different exposed lights on quercetin and quercetin glucoside content in onion (Allium cepa L.) PMC,November 23, 2014, Ko EY, Nile SH, Sharma K, Li GH, Park SW. Effect of different exposed lights on quercetin and quercetin glucoside content in onion (Allium cepa L.). Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015 Jul;22(4):398-403. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.012 . Epub 2014 Nov 23. PMID: 26150744 ; PMCID: PMC4486465.Eun Young Ko,a,1 Shivraj Hariram Nile,a,1 Kavita Sharma,a Guan Hao Li,b,⁎ and Se Won Parka,⁎ aDepartment of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
bDepartment of Food Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
Guan Hao Li: nc.ude.uby@ilhg; Se Won Park: rk.ca.kuknok@krapwes
46Consumption of black currants, lingonberries and bilberries increases serum quercetin concentrations,Nature, October 9, 2001, Erlund, I., Marniemi, J., Hakala, P. et al. Consumption of black currants, lingonberries and bilberries increases serum quercetin concentrations. Eur J Clin Nutr 57, 37–42 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601513https://www.nature.com/articles/1601513
47Evaluation of the total phenolics and quercetin content of foliage in mycorrhizal grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties and effect of postharvest drying on quercetin yield,Science Direct, February 20, 2012, M.EftekhariaM.AlizadehaP.Ebrahimib Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Golestan, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran bGonbad Institute of Higher Education, Golestan, Gonbad, Islamic Republic of Iran
51Estimated Daily Intake and Seasonal Food Sources of Quercetin in Japan,PMC, April 2, 2015, Nishimuro H, Ohnishi H, Sato M, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Matsunaga I, Naito S, Ippoushi K, Oike H, Nagata T, Akasaka H, Saitoh S, Shimamoto K, Kobori M. Estimated daily intake and seasonal food sources of quercetin in Japan. Nutrients. 2015 Apr 2;7(4):2345-58. doi: 10.3390/nu7042345 PMID: 25849945 ; PMCID: PMC4425148.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4425148/ A word of caution: this research also pretends that the quercetin content of foods is dependent on the season. But look closely: the ones that are in the December list as lacking quercetin do not even appear on the June-July list, They never have quercetin in them.
53Hypoglycemic Activity of Aloe vera Powder and Gel Drink in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats, Science Alert, 2020, Chatarina Wariyah and Riyanto Chatarina Wariyah and Riyanto , 2020. Hypoglycemic Activity of Aloe vera Powder and Gel Drink in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 14: 149-155.
58Curcumin as a permeability enhancer enhanced the antihyperlipidemic activity of dietary green tea extract, PMC, June 13, 2019, Pandit AP, Joshi SR, Dalal PS, Patole VC. Curcumin as a permeability enhancer enhanced the antihyperlipidemic activity of dietary green tea extract. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Jun 13;19(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s12906-019-2545-1. PMID: 31196040; PMCID: PMC6567481., Ashlesha P. Pandit,corresponding author1 Shreyas R. Joshi,1 Preeti S. Dalal,2 and Vinita C. Patole1, Department of Pharmaceutics, JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy and Research, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra 411033 India
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSPM Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy and Research, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra 411033 India
Ashlesha P. Pandit, Phone: +91 9822061364, Email: moc.liamg@tidnap.ahselhsa.
Its name is derived from the word “hesperidium”, for fruit produced by citrus trees. Hesperidin is believed to play a role in plant defense.
In addition to its well-known benefits for cardiovascular function, type II diabetes, and anti-inflammation, recent studies have demonstrated multiple benefits of hesperidin
The antiallergic activity of hesperidin and its metabolite hesperetin were investigated. Hesperidin did not inhibit the histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE. However, its metabolite hesperetin potently inhibited the histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells in duced by IgE and the PCA reaction.12
Paolo Bellavite , Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy. Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/
Paolo Bellavite , Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy. Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/
Paolo Bellavite , Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy. Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/
4This graphic depiction of how hespiridin deactivates SARS-CoV 2 is clearer than those in PubMed,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/ and also copyright free. Antioxidants, EISSN 2076-3921, Published in MDPIHesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits by Paolo Bellavite, Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy and Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.Antioxidants 2020, 9(8), 742; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080742 Received: July 25, 2020, Revised: August 10, 2020 Accepted: 11 August 2020 / Published: 13 August 2020(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrigenomics and Antioxidant Components of Diet)
5As hesperidin is the dominant flavanone within oranges, there is a range of levels established within and between sweet oranges, tangerines, and sour oranges [45], although hesperidin is present in highest concentration in the peel.
From: Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease (Second Edition)
2018, Pages 431-440 , Chapter 32 – The Polyphenolic Compound Hesperidin and Bone Protection, Science Direct, September 28, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-04277-8 , Jenalyn L.Yumol⁎†Wendy E.Ward⁎†
⁎Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
†Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
10Benefits of Hesperidin for Cutaneous Functions,PubMed, April 2, 2019, Man MQ, Yang B, Elias PM. Benefits of Hesperidin for Cutaneous Functions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Apr 2;2019:2676307. doi: 10.1155/2019/2676307. PMID: 31061668; PMCID: PMC6466919.,Mao-Qiang Man 1 2, Bin Yang 1, Peter M Elias 2, 1Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China.2Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31061668/
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses, as well as regulating physiological functions in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus1.
Histamine makes blood vessels more permeable (vascular permeability), causing fluid to escape from capillaries into tissues, which leads to the classic symptoms of an allergic reaction — a runny nose and watery eyes. Histamine also promotes angiogenesis.
Antihistamines suppress the histamine-induced wheal response (swelling) and flare response (vasodilation) by blocking the binding of histamine to its receptors or reducing histamine receptor activity on nerves, vascular smooth muscle, glandular cells, endothelium, and mast cells. Antihistamines can also help correct Eustachian Tube dysfunction, thereby helping correct problems such as muffled hearing, fullness in the ear and even tinnitus.
Itching, sneezing, and inflammatory responses are suppressed by antihistamines that act on H1-receptors.2
Many antihistamines can also elicit psychomotor activation and reward, both of which are associated with increased dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc).3
Antihistamines were advised against to treat asthma before 1987, but since then they were seen as valid asthma inhibitors 4. In1998 they were still an accepted anti asthma treatment, and they still are to this day. 5
Nettle leaf is a natural antihistamine that naturally blocks histamine production.6Other antihistamine containing foods are
Apples, (especially their peels) are rich in quercetin, a flavonoid that has a natural anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effect.
Quercetin can help to prevent immune cells from releasing histamines, which cause an allergic response. These allergic responses are triggered by pollen and other allergies. In test tubes, quercetin prevents immune cells from releasing histamines. 14
Dill
Fennel leaves
Onions
Oregano
Chili peppers
Cranberry and blueberry
Spinach and kale
Cherries
Lettuce
Asparagus15Dandelions and Carrots are also suitable for low histamine diets
And Resveratrol is known as an anti-histamine as well, which doesn’t mean that there aren’t any allergens in resveratrol food sources. Because Resveratrol is in peanuts as well, and many people all allergic for peanuts.
Resveratrol Sources i20 grapes (Vitis vinifera), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea).21, cocoa, elderberries and berries of the Vaccinium species, including blueberries, bilberries, and cranberries(Vaccinium macrocarpon). 22
Bromelain, which is in Pineapple, is also an antihistamine.
Some sources say pineapple is one of the foods that help with allergies. It’s full of healthy vitamin C, but the fruit’s true allergy powerhouse is an enzyme called bromelain. And this enzyme fights inflammation to help reduce the swelling and irritation brought on by pollen and other seasonal allergens.23
However, pineapple also has a high level of histamine, so eventhough the bromelain it contains can be helpful in breaking down inflammation associated with histamine, so others say it should be avoided in patients with histamine issues.24
Strawberries– are known as a histamine liberator because they cause mast cells in the gastrointestinal tract to release histamine. This can exacerbate allergies. Strawberries are usually avoided in patients with histamine issues.25
High Histamine Foods are: Fruit: Citrus fruits, strawberries, bananas, pineapple, pears. Vegetables: Eggplant, avocado, tomatoes, olives and beans. 27
Linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid significantly increase histamine release.Linoleic acid (C18:2: ω-6)-induced intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and histamine release were more prominent than α-linolenic acid (C18:3: ω-3). These data support the view that the intake of more α-linolenic acid than linoleic acid is useful in preventing inflammation.
Although chocolate has hesperidin and is quite low in histamine it contains two other biogenic amines, namely tyramine and phenylethylamine, both present in cocoa. Biogenic amines are histamine triggers.29
Aloe Vera has hesperidin, but it prolonged effects of histamin in tests.30
So foods that have antihistamins might also have histamines.
3Effects of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist and benztropine analog diphenylpyraline on dopamine uptake, locomotion and reward, PMC, May 15.2013, Oleson EB, Ferris MJ, España RA, Harp J, Jones SR. Effects of the histamine H₁ receptor antagonist and benztropine analog diphenylpyraline on dopamine uptake, locomotion and reward. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 May 15;683(1-3):161-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.03.003. Epub 2012 Mar 15. PMID: 22445882; PMCID: PMC3340496.Erik B. Oleson, Mark J. Ferris, Rodrigo A España, Jill Harp, and Sara R. Jones, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North CarolinaCorresponding Author: Sara R. Jones, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA, ude.htlaehekaw@senojrs, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3340496/
28Effects of C18 Fatty Acids on Intracellular Ca(2+) Mobilization and Histamine Release in RBL-2H3 Cells, PubMed, June 12, 2014,Kim MC, Kim MG, Jo YS, Song HS, Eom TI, Sim SS. Effects of C18 Fatty Acids on Intracellular Ca(2+) Mobilization and Histamine Release in RBL-2H3 Cells. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Jun;18(3):241-7. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.3.241. Epub 2014 Jun 12. PMID: 24976764; PMCID: PMC4071177.https://www.winchesterhospital.org/health-library/article?id=14069 College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24976764/
30 Effects of Aloe preparation on the histamine-induced gastric secretion in rats, PubMed, February 2004, Suvitayavat W, Sumrongkit C, Thirawarapan SS, Bunyapraphatsara N. Effects of Aloe preparation on the histamine-induced gastric secretion in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Feb;90(2-3):239-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.044. PMID: 15013187., W Suvitayavat 1, C Sumrongkit, S S Thirawarapan, N Bunyapraphatsara, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. pyvsv@mahidol.ac.th https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15013187/
During the first meal of the day, eat Omega-3-ALA and Omega-6-LA from healthy sources in the right balance for the organ you want to heal. Then for the rest of the day you can eat as much Omega-6-LA as you want. Here you see which organs have whoch balance, and how you can achieve the right balance with healthy sources. The RDA of Omega-3-ALA is set at between 1-5 grams daily. The tables below show how to achieve the right balance using 2 grams of Omega-3-ALA.
7.3.Antioxidants that fight SARS-CoV -2, like eucalyptus essential oil and mentha arvensis
Cherimoya, Soursop.
Eucalyptus globulus5If you have symptoms like a soar throat or dry cough, go for Eucalyptus globulus6. AndGreen tea is stronger than Hydroxychloroquine or Remdesiver, and Olive leaf tea 7 causes more red blood cells to be formed than green tea. And the e4dc8 is still crucial.
Rub some pure Eucalyptus globulus9 on your throat. If it is already gone down to your lungs, put some Eucalyptus globulus in a pan with filtered water, make it steaming hot in the stove, hang above it with a towel over your head and inhale the steam. The symptoms will disappear in minutes.
If you are required to wear a mask, make that less annoying by spraying some mentha arvensis on it. Just mix two or three drops of mentha arvensis essential oil in a 10 ml spray bottle and fill with filtered water. Have that with you and spray that on your mask whenever you need to wear it. It will increase the oxygen uptake in your blood with 30 percent and kill harmful molds like aspergillus.10
Ramisse Herbs11, a replacement for Maria Treben’s Swedish Herbs, amde from the teas used in the herb rotation schedule, see point 7.4:
If in spite of all these precautions you still get symptoms, make yourself some olive leaf tea. The virus will get killed by the warmth when it is still in your throat.
You can also make a blend: eucalyptus, olive leaf, chamomile, artemisia annua 13 and green tea. Steaming with eucalyptus essential oil. A lemon squeezed in hot water, or in the tea.
Green tea can be found in any health food store. Just put a table spoon full of leaves in a tea pot and drink as hot as possible.
Another nice blend is with jasmine leaf, plantago, birch leaf, hazel leaf, nettle and olive leaf, and drink that once a week on Tuesdays as part of the herb rotation schedule14.
The herb rotation schedule means you assign atheme to each day so you get all the healing herbs in your schedule without overusing them.
The order follows the days of the week and the grown of a plant: Sunday Seed, Monday, Root, Tuesday Leaf, Wednesday Herb, Thursday Fower, Friday Wood, Saturday Fruit.
All the teas, save the Tuesday blend, can be steeped at 60 degrees Celcius. The Tuesday blend does need to be steeped at 100 degrees Celsius for the nettle to lose its sting.
Sunday Seed:white pepper15, fenugreek16, burdock seed17, cumin and fennel18,
Monday Ginger19, Curcumin20, Black Pepper21, Siberean Ginseng, Ashwaganda, Burdock Root, Angelica Root, and Panax Ginseng, 22 .
Tuesday Leaf: Green tea, Jasmine leaf, birch leaf, ashe leaf, hazel leaf, plantago, nettle, ginkgo biloba, kukicha and olive leaf. Polyphenols are generally heat resistent, and even more potent at temperatures up to 100 degrees Celcius, so they are not lost in the process of brewing tea 23.
Saturday Fruit: black pepper, cardamom32, star anise, all spice, cayenne pepper, citrus leaf, raspberry leaf, bramble leaf, rose hips33, citrus peel and orange peel, which has hespiridin which also has anti-covid properties34.
Make Ramisse herbs by having a glass pot of vinegar, and putting the Wednesday, Friday and Saturday herbs in there after you have used them for tea until it is full. Then filter the herbs out and put the herb drenched vinegar in a glass storage jar with glass lid, not metal, because that can leak into the mixture.
Either put in a vaporizer for cleaning or dispenser for using for your throat when you have a soar throat.
7.5.1.The Vitamin C Cluster: a.Vitamin C, b. Sodium, c.Iodine, d. Potassium , e. Iron, f. Copper, and g.Folate
Vitamin C needs sodium to be properly absorbed. If you get your sodium from Himalayan salt, you need to get Iodine from another source Sodium needs to be taken in balance with potassium. Non-heme Iron needs Vitamin C to be properly absorbed35 and Copper to be metabolized properly. Non-heme iron, or plant based iron, is better asorbed with Vitamin C and vinegar. Folate, or Vitamin B9, also needs Vitamin C to be synthesized properly.
Here you will see which foods have the highest levels of the Vitamin C Cluster.
7.5.1.a. Vitamin C-LAA
There is a difference between real Vitamin C that i sa in fruits and vegetables, and Vitamin C that is often in supplements, Vitamin C in fruit is Vitamin C-LAA. Vitamin C in supplements is Vitamin C-DAA. That does not even prevent scurvy. For more on Vitamin C, see The Vitamin C cluster.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (mg/day) [milligrams per day]
Females
Males
1-3
15
15
4-8
25
25
9-13
45
45
14-18
65
75
14-18 Pregnancy
80
n/a
14-18 Lactation
115
n/a
19-50
75
90
19-50 Pregnancy
85
n/a
19-50 Lactation
120
n/a
50+
75
90
The Tolerable Upper Limit (TUL) for vitamin C is 2,000 mgEven for people with certain intolerances to vitamin C, 6 grams a day is tolerated during illnesses. Do stay well hydrated. You can even take Vitamin C when you have scepsis.
Vitamin C food sources56: kakadu plums, roseh ips, acerola cherries, guava’s, yellow bell peppers, chili peppers, black currants, parsley, mustard spinach, red bell peppers, kale, brussels sprouts, broccoli, green bell peppers, kiwi’s .
Other rich Vitamin C sources are Garlic Mustard and Oxford Lilly and many other plants you can forage.
Although cyanide production could result from breakdown products of glucosinolates, no cyanide was detected in vitro from decomposition of sinigrin, the major glucosinolate of garlic mustard.57
A 100 g serving of clover sprouts provides 14 percent of your daily value for vitamin C and 38 percent of your daily value for vitamin K. Vitamin C is an important antioxidant that protects your cells against oxidative damage and might lower your risk of heart disease and diabetes.58
The advantage of foraged plants is that they often contain minerals that help in vitamin C uptake, like iron.
Cooking methods (i.e. steaming, microwaving, and boiling) have huge impacts on the vitamin C content of vegetables. All cooking treatments, except steaming, caused significant losses of chlorophyll and vitamin C and significant decreases of total soluble proteins and soluble sugars.60
Vitamin C is sensitive to light, heat, and air and can be destroyed during food preparation, cooking, or storage.61
As soon as you slice food and store it , even if you put it i the refrigerator, the Vitamin C content goes down. Same goes for pumped breast milk that is stored in the refrigerator.
Vitamin C is absorbed in the tissues with the help of Sodium.
Sodium Ascorbate is what works. Don’t take calcium ascorbate. that gives calcium build up and is very harmful. It can build up in the soft tissues and the heart and is very problematic.
Also the body uses sodium to move the ascorbate ion your system so it is convenient to have that in the pill. There is no calcium involved in moving ascorbate in the system.
Kidney Disease. Hyperkalemia can happen if your kidneys do not work well. It is the job of the kidneys to balance the amount of potassium taken in with the amount lost in urine. Potassium is taken in through the foods you eat and the liquids you drink. It is filtered by the kidneys and lost through the urine. In the early stages of kidney disease, the kidneys can often make up for high potassium. But as kidney function gets worse, they may not be able to remove enough potassium from your body. Advanced kidney disease is a common cause of hyperkalemia.
A diet high in potassium. Eating too much food that is high in potassium can also cause hyperkalemia, especially in people with advanced kidney disease. Foods such as cantaloupe, honeydew melon, orange juice, and bananas are high in potassium.
Some drugs can keep your kidneys from removing enough potassium. This can cause your potassium levels to rise.
Other (less common) causes include:
Taking extra potassium, such as salt substitutes or supplements.
A disorder called “Addisons disease”, which can occur if your body does not make enough of certain hormones. Hormones are chemicals produced by different glands and organs, including the kidneys, to trigger certain responses in your body.
Burns or other severe injuries. This occurs because your body, in response to severe burns or injuries releases extra potassium in your blood.
Poorly controlled diabetes.
When diabetes is not controlled, it has a direct effect on your kidneys which are responsible for balancing potassium in your body.68
Sodium overload or hypernatremia symptoms are:
Dizziness when you stand up or change positions (you may be dehydrated).
Severe sweating or fever; vomiting and diarrhea with markedly elevated sodium levels, if your hypernatremia is due to a loss of body fluids.69
People who don’t get enough iodine cannot make sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone. This can cause many problems. In pregnant women, severe iodine deficiency can permanently harm the fetus by causing stunted growth, intellectual disability, and delayed sexual development. Less severe iodine deficiency can cause lower-than-average IQ in infants and children and decrease adults’ ability to work and think clearly. Goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland, is often the first visible sign of iodine deficiency.84
Signs of Iodine overload
Getting high levels of iodine can cause some of the same symptoms as iodine deficiency, including goiter (an enlarged thyroid gland). High iodine intakes can also cause thyroid gland inflammation and thyroid cancer. Getting a very large dose of iodine (several grams, for example) can cause burning of the mouth, throat, and stomach; fever; stomach pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; weak pulse; and coma.
RDA of Iodine
Age
Male
Female
Pregnancy
Lactation
Birth to 6 months
110 mcg*
110 mcg*
7–12 months
130 mcg*
130 mcg*
1–3 years
90 mcg
90 mcg
4–8 years
90 mcg
90 mcg
9–13 years
120 mcg
120 mcg
14–18 years
150 mcg
150 mcg
220 mcg
290 mcg
19+ years
150 mcg
150 mcg
220 mcg
290 mcg
Food sources Iodine
Seaweed (kelp, nori, kombu, and wakame) is one of the best food sources of iodine
Iodine content per 100 grams
Seaweed, Kombu Kelp, 100 grams have 298400 ug, 1 gram has 2984 ug85
Wakame , 6600 ug, 1 gram has 66 ug
Seaweed, nori, dried 2320 ug, 10 grams have 232 ug
Iodized salt , 4200 ug, 42 ug of iodine per gram86
Yoghurt, Greek, plain, non-fat 51.2, 1 cup has 116 ug
Boiling certain foods can lower the amount of potassium in them. For example, potatoes, yams, sweet potatoes, and spinach can be boiled or partially boiled and drained. Then, you can prepare them how you normally would by frying, roasting, or baking them. Boiling food removes some potassium. 91
Potassium per 100 grams
Tomato sundried, 3427mg (73%RDA)
Tomatoes, sun-dried, packed in oil, drained : 1565mg (33%RDA)92
Potassium food sources101: Sun Dried Tomatoes, Tomatoes, sun-dried, packed in oil, drained , Cocoa Powder, Potato Chips, Beet Greens, Prune Juice, Raisins, Prunes, Peanuts, Figs, Baked Yams, Dates, French Fries, Adzuki beans, Sweet Potato greens, Lima Beans.
The interaction between sodium and potassium.
Epidemiological evidence suggests that low potassium intake is associated with the probability of occurrence of hypertension and stroke. The short-term response to increased potassium intake is increased sodium excretion as well as increased potassium excretion; the short-term response to increased sodium intake is increased potassium excretion as well as increased sodium excretion.102
“If sodium increases high blood pressure, potassium decreases it. If sodium retains water, potassium helps you get rid of it,” You should focus on the balance between potassium and salt.103Unfortunately, drinking more water not only dilutes the sodium in your body, but also the potassium. Excess water intake may lead to the loss of potassium in your body when your kidneys excrete the sodium in your urine. So by ingesting too much sodium, you may lower your healthy potassium levels.104
Iron is a mineral that the body needs for growth and development. Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body, and myoglobin, a protein that provides oxygen to muscles.107
Ascorbic acid can enhance nonheme iron absorption, whereas phytate (present in grains and beans) and certain polyphenols in some non-animal foods (such as cereals and legumes) have the opposite effect Unlike other inhibitors of iron absorption, calcium might reduce the bioavailability of both nonheme and heme iron. However, the effects of enhancers and inhibitors of iron absorption are attenuated by a typical mixed western diet, so they have little effect on most people’s iron status.
Ascorbic acid facilitates iron absorption by forming a chelate with ferric iron at acid pH that remains soluble at the alkaline pH of the duodenum.109
Consequences of too little Iron
Iron deficiency can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. When you have this condition, you may have symptoms like weakness, dry skin and nails, and poor concentration. In severe cases, you may have heart palpitations and shortness of breath.110
Among the initial signs of iron poisoning are nausea and abdominal pain. Vomiting blood can also occur. Iron poisoning can also lead to diarrhea and dehydration. Sometimes, too much iron causes stools to turn black and bloody. These symptoms usually develop within six hours. After that, symptoms may appear to improve for a day or so.
After those early symptoms, other serious complications can develop within 48 hours after the iron overdose, such as:
Causes, consequences and symptoms of Iron Overload
Complications of iron overload include liver damage, liver cirrhosis, pancreatic islet cell damage, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism.112
Iron has been suggested as a risk factor for different types of cancers mainly due to its prooxidant activity, which can lead to oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, subjects with hemochromatosis or iron overload have been shown to have a higher risk of developing liver cancer.113
Symptoms of iron poisoning
Among the initial signs of iron poisoning are nausea and abdominal pain. Vomiting blood can also occur. Iron poisoning can also lead to diarrhea and dehydration. Sometimes, too much iron causes stools to turn black and bloody. These symptoms usually develop within six hours. After that, symptoms may appear to improve for a day or so.
After those early symptoms, other serious complications can develop within 48 hours after the iron overdose, such as:
• dizziness
• low blood pressure and a fast or weak pulse
• headache
• fever
• shortness of breath and fluid in the lungs
• a grayish or bluish color in the skin
• jaundice (yellowing of the skin due to liver damage)
Olive Oil 125aids in the uptake of Iron as well as of Calcium.126
Ashwagandha increases both the red blood corpuscles (RBC) and hemoglobin count.127 The increase in RBC results in an increased capacity of the blood to transport oxygen directly to the exercising muscles; thus, enhancing the aerobic capacity of the athletes.128
A single serving of alfalfa provides 13% of your recommended daily allowance of vitamin K, which is an important vitamin for blood clotting. Vitamin K, along with chlorophyll and iron, also promotes blood production, which can help people with anemia.
Tea and vervain infusions inhibit iron availability. In contrast, mint improves it; vitamin C helps in preventing these inhibiting properties.
This is a case study where it is assumed that high dose Tumeric inhibits iron absorption. Not very convincing, since it is just one person. And he was taking 500 mg of tumeric a day. That is a lot. One fresh teaspoon of ground turmeric has around 200 milligrams of curcumin. So that means he took 2 and a half tea spoons of tumeric a day.
First of all, you should not take any anti viral herb daily. That’s why the e4dc has a herb rotation schedule. So you don’t take a certain herb more than once a week.
A phytase(myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) is any type of phosphatase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) – an indigestible, organic form of phosphorus that is found in many plant tissues, especially in grains and oil seeds – and releases a usable form of inorganic phosphorus.While phytates have been found to occur in animals, plants, fungi and bacteria, phytases have been most commonly detected and characterized from fungi.130
Seaweed has phytase, which breaks down phytic acid, and organic apple cider vinegar helps with the absorbtion of minerals, so including these in your diet keeps phytic acid levels in check.131
In most cases this is to be preferred over the following methods:
Fermentation:Organic acids, formed during fermentation, promote phytic acid breakdown. Lactic acid fermentation is the preferred method, a good example of which is the making of sourdough
Combining these methods can reduce phytic acid content substantially. But, in some cases, it also diminishes nutrient values.
For example, soaking, sprouting and lactic acid fermentation can reduce the phytic acid content of quinoa seeds by 98%
In quinoa the IP6 + IP5 content was reduced by cooking with 4 to 8%, germination with 35 to 39%, soaking with 61 to 76% and by fermentation with 82 to 98%. The highest reduction, about 98%, was obtained after fermentation of the germinated flour.
In other words, when you eat nuts, add some fruits!
7.5.1.f. Copper, Cu2+
Signs of Copper overload
Consuming even relatively small amounts of copper may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Large amounts, can damage the kidneys, inhibit urine production, and cause anemia due to the rupture of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia) and even death.133
Signs and symptoms. Acute symptoms of copper poisoning by ingestion include vomiting, hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hypotension (low blood pressure), melena (black “tarry” feces), coma, jaundice (yellowish pigmentation of the skin), and gastrointestinal distress. 134
Copper overload (or Copperiedus) is a type of metal poisoning caused by an excess of copper in the body. Copperiedus can occur from eating acidic foods cooked in uncoated copper cookware, an IUD, or from exposure to excess copper in drinking water and other environmental sources, or the genetic condition Wilson’s disease. 135
Instances of copper toxicity are often the result of accidental consumption or installation of contaminated water sources, copper salt-containing topical creams for burn treatments or acidic foods cooked in uncoated copper cookware.136
Folate is a B vitamin found in many foods. The manmade form of folate is called folic acid.
So they are very different. What’s more, folic acid is metabolized differently from folate. Whereas folate is metabolized in the gut, folic acid is metabolized in the liver.
Folate goes through the digestive system and enters the bloodstream through the gut. From there, folate passes into the liver for processing. Any excess passes to the kidneys, and from the kidneys, it leaves the body in urine.145
Unmetabolized folic acid competes with other folate molecules for folate receptors and might crowd out the real folate your body gets.146
The abundance of added folic acid in the food supply has left way more of it coursing through our veins than was originally intended and there are no long-term trials on the health consequences of having lots of unmetabolized folic acid in your body.147
Folate and folic acid have very similar effects. Both help the body create new cells, such as red blood cells.
Folate goes through the digestive system and enters the bloodstream through the gut. From there, folate passes into the liver for processing. Any excess passes to the kidneys, and from the kidneys, it leaves the body in urine.
Taking too much of a fat-soluble vitamin can cause health problems. The body stores them in fat reserves, so they can build up over time.
However, it is very hard to have too much folate, as it dissolves in water. This means that the body can get rid of excesses easily. Although the blood may carry some excess folate, this does not cause any known health risks.148
The following conditions may put people at increased risk of folae deficiency:
Alcoholism. Alcohol interferes with the absorption of folate and speeds the rate that folate breaks down and is excreted from the body. People with alcoholism also tend to eat poor-quality diets low in folate-containing foods.
Pregnancy. The need for folate increases during pregnancy as it plays a role in the development of cells in the fetus.
Intestinal surgeries or digestive disorders that cause malabsorption. Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease can decrease the absorption of folate. Surgeries involving the digestive organs or that reduce the normal level of stomach acid may also interfere with absorption.
Genetic variants. People carrying a variant of the gene MTHFR cannot convert folate to its active form to be used by the body.
Signs of deficiency can include: megaloblastic anemia (a condition arising from a lack of folate in the diet or poor absorption that produces less red blood cells, and larger in size than normal); weakness, fatigue; irregular heartbeat; shortness of breath; difficulty concentrating; hair loss; pale skin; mouth sores.
Overload
Folic AcidToxicity is possible, Folate toxicity is not.
It is extremely rare to reach a toxic level when eating folate from food sources.
There is danger iof Folic Acid toxicity.
However, an upper limit for folic acid is set at 1,000 mcg daily because studies have shown that taking higher amounts can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficiency occurs most often in older adults or those eating a vegan diet in whom a B12 deficiency is more common.
Excess folic acid may exacerbate weight gain, fat accumulation, and inflammation caused by consumption of a high fat diet. 151
Both folate and B12 are involved in making red blood cells, and a shortage of either can result in anemia.
A person taking high-dosage supplements of folic acid may be able to correct the anemia and feel better, but the B12 deficiency still exists.
In this case, if high folic acid intake continues to “hide” the symptoms of B12 deficiency for a long time, a slow but irreversible damage to the brain and nervous system may occur.
If you choose to use a folic acid supplement, stick with the lower range available of 400 mcg a day or less, as you will likely obtain additional folic acid from fortified foods like cereals and breads, as well as natural folate in food.
Overall, the evidence suggests that the amount of folic acid in a typical multivitamin does not cause any harm—and may help prevent some diseases, especially among people who do not get enough folate in their diets, and among individuals who drink alcohol.
If you take folic acid supplements beware of the interaction with vitamin B12. Increased folic acid can cure the anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, but cannot cure the neural damage.
It is important to maintain adequate levels of both folate and vitamin B12.
How much folate do I need?
Recommended Amounts of Folate
The current daily value (% DV) for folate (Vitamin B9) is 400μg.
RDA: The Recommended Dietary Allowance for folate is listed as micrograms (mcg) of dietary folate equivalents (DFE).
Men and women ages 19 years and older should aim for 400 mcg DFE.
Pregnant and lactating women require 600 mcg DFE and 500 mcg DFE, respectively.
People who regularly drink alcohol should aim for at least 600 mcg DFE of folate daily since alcohol can impair its absorption.
Adults need 200 micrograms of folate a day. A microgram is 1,000 times smaller than a milligram (mg). The word microgram is sometimes written with the Greek symbol μ followed by the letter g (μg).
There are no long-term stores in the body, so you need to eat folate-containing foods frequently.
UL: A Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the maximum daily dose unlikely to cause adverse side effects in the general population. The UL for adults for folic acid from fortified food or supplements (not including folate from food) is set at 1,000 mcg a day.
If you’re pregnant or could get pregnant.
Though the recommendation for pregnancy is 400-600mcg of folate, this is the minimal amount needed to prevent birth defects. When using folate instead of folic acid ), it is often advisable to take more than the minimum, like 800-1200 mcg of folate.152
Folate Food Sources
Folate is sensitive to destruction by heat, oxidation and UV light.153So while the raw version of any food will have more folate than the heated one, there is still enough left in heated foods.
Folate food sources160Chickpeas, Peanuts, Raw organic Sunflowerseeds, Cranberry Beans, Raw Spinach, Lentils, Roman Beans, Raw Broccoli, Pinto Beans Asparagus, Cooked Spinach, Lettuce, Kidney Beans, Avocado, Cooked Broccoli and Green Peas
7.5.2. Vitamin D Cluster: a.Vitamin D through Sunlight, b. Vitamin B5 for Co Enszyme A for cholesterol , c. Calcium, d. Magnesium, e. Vitamin K2, f.Lysine. g.Phosphorus h.Sulfur i.Zinc
Although it is called Vitamin D, it is a hormone.162 All the cells in the body have Vitamin D receptors. Vitamin D is made out of cholesterol. It has an important role in the immune system. It modulates the immune system and prevents the cytokine storm in the second phase of Covid-19.
Vitamin D plays a vital role in Calcium metabolsim. But not all blockages of Calcium metabolism are caused by lack of Vitamin D.
Vitamin D, Calcium, Magnesium, Vitamin K2, Vitamin B5, Lysine, Cholesterol and Sunlight all play a role in calcium metabolism, and anything that blocks any of these elements will block Vitamin D formation.
And pre vitamin D3 is not just synthesized in the skin after exposure to sunlight, but also in the eyes! That was the conclusion of a study done in 2012.164
Vitamin D from the sun can be compared to bèta carotene, which can be stored indefinitely and vitamin D from diet cane compared to to Vitamin A from diet, which can cause overload.
Vitamin D4 i is present in mushrooms. It has a role as a fungal metabolite. It is a vitamin D and a seco-ergostane.165
Vitamin D overload only occurs with Vitamin D2 or D3 supplementation, not when it is acquired through sunlight.
Cholecalciferol166(vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol167 (vitamin D2) are used as rodenticides168, or rat poison. They affect calcium and phosphate homeostasis169in the body. Vitamins D170are essential in minute quantities (few IUs per kilogram body weight daily, only a fraction of a milligram), and like most fat soluble vitamins, they are toxic in larger doses, causing hypervitaminosis D171. If the poisoning is severe enough (that is, if the dose of the toxin is high enough), it leads to death.
As rodenticidal bait, it causes hypercalcemia,172 raising the calcium level, mainly by increasing calcium absorption from food, mobilising bone-matrix-fixed calcium into ionised173form (mainly monohydrogencarbonate calcium cation, partially bound to plasma proteins, [CaHCO3]+), which circulates dissolved in the blood plasma174. After ingestion of a lethal dose, the free calcium levels are raised sufficiently that blood vessels, 175kidneys, the stomach wall and lungs are mineralised/calcificated (formation of calcificates, crystals of calcium salts/complexes in the tissues, damaging them), leading further to heart problems (myocardial tissue is sensitive to variations of free calcium levels, affecting both myocardial contractibility and excitation propagation between atrias and ventriculars), bleeding (due to capillary damage) and possibly kidney failure. It is considered to be single-dose, cumulative (depending on concentration used; the common 0.075% bait concentration is lethal to most rodents after a single intake of larger portions of the bait) or sub-chronic (death occurring usually within days to one week after ingestion of the bait). Applied concentrations are 0.075% cholecalciferol (30,000IU/g) and 0.1% ergocalciferol (40,000 IU/g) when used alone, which can kill a rodent or a rat.
There is an important feature of calciferol’s toxicology, that they are synergistic with anticoagulant toxicant. In other words, mixtures of anticoagulants and calciferols in same bait are more toxic than a sum of toxicities of the anticoagulant and the calciferol in the bait, so that a massive hypercalcemic effect can be achieved by a substantially lower calciferol content in the bait, and vice versa, a more pronounced anticoagulant/hemorrhagic effects are observed if the calciferol is present. This synergism is mostly used in calciferol low concentration baits, because effective concentrations of calciferols are more expensive than effective concentrations of most anticoagulants.
The Merck Veterinary Manual states the following:
Although this rodenticide [cholecalciferol] was introduced with claims that it was less toxic to nontarget species than to rodents, clinical experience has shown that rodenticides containing cholecalciferol are a significant health threat to dogs and cats. Cholecalciferol produces hypercalcemia, which results in systemic calcification of soft tissue, leading to kidney failure, cardiac abnormalities, hypertension, CNS depression and GI upset. Signs generally develop within 18-36 hours of ingestion and can include depression, anorexia, polyuria and polydipsia. As serum calcium concentrations increase, clinical signs become more severe. … GI smooth muscle excitability decreases and is manifest by anorexia, vomiting and constipation. …Loss of renal concentrating ability is a direct result of hypercalcemia. As hypercalcemia persists, mineralization of the kidneys results in progressive renal insufficiency.”
Additional anticoagulant renders the bait more toxic to pets as well as human. Upon single ingestion, solely calciferol-based baits are considered generally safer to birds than second generation anticoagulants or acute toxicants. Treatment in pets is mostly supportive, with iv fluids and pamidronate disodium. The hormone calcitonin is no longer commonly used.
The best way to get Vitamin D is through sunlight, but even UV light will do. In fact that is an important part of how Vitamin Dwas discovered,
There’s no risk of your body making too much vitamin D from sun exposure,.. This is what all sources agree on176
Vitamin D became so popular that in the 1930s and 1940s a wide variety of foods and beverages as well as personal care products were fortified with vitamin D.They included not only milk and other dairy products but also soda pop, beer, hot dogs, custard and even soap and shaving cream .177
However in the early 1950s an outbreak of hypercalcemia in infants who had elfin faces, heart problems, and mental retardation led to an investigation by the Royal College of Physicians. The experts concluded that this was most likely due to vitamin D intoxication since a similar presentation had been observed in neonatal rodents born of mothers who were fed high doses of vitamin D. Legislation quickly followed banning the fortification of any food or personal use products with vitamin D in Great Britain.This ban quickly spread across Europe and for the most part remains in effect today with the exception of a few foods including margarine and some cereals being fortified with vitamin D.178
Autoimmune diseases: Multiple sclerosis Type 1 diabetes Rheumatoid arthritis
Cancers: Prostate cancer, Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Ovary cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Psychiatric disorders: Seasonal affective disorder Mood disorders Schizophrenia179
Getting Sick or Infected Often
If you often become sick, especially with colds or the flu, low vitamin D levels may be a contributing factor.
Fatigue and Tiredness
Bone and Back Pain
Depression
Impaired Wound Healing
Bone Loss
Hair Loss
Muscle Pain
A lack of vitamin D, known as vitamin D deficiency, can cause bones to become soft and weak, which can lead to bone deformities.180
In children, for example, 181a lack of vitamin D can lead to rickets. In adults, it can lead to osteomalacia, which causes bone pain and tenderness.
Several large observational studies have shown a link between a deficiency and respiratory tract infections like colds, bronchitis and pneumonia.
Vitamin D deficiency associated is with an increased risk of tuberculosis and influenza.
Low Vitamin D levels between the ages 13 and 18 increase the prevalence of M.S. in adulthood.182
The lower the vitamin D levels, the higher the cytokine storm in the second phase of Covid-19.
Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency also increases the risk of dental decay. This is because vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphate — both of which are crucial for building and keeping strong tooth ename 183
High Fructose corn syrup accelerates the transition from active Vitamin D to an inactive Vitamin D. The schedule below shows how that happens:
Oxidative stress may play a key role in the severity of Covid-19 infection.
A variety of studies have demonstrated how high sugar intake (and fructose in particular – such as high fructose corn syrup) contributes not only to oxidative stress but to the inactivation of a usable form of vitamin D as well.190 Dr. Seheult illustrates of how these pathways work.
Covid-19 patients have 9 times as many blood clots in the lungs as patients with other diseases.
This study published on PubMed study shows patients with elevated bmi’s, kidney disease and cardiovascular disease are most at risk.
High fructose corn syrup is a problem with oxidative stress, not normal fruit sugar as is present in fruits, although you do want to eat fruits whole, with the fiber, to prevent gycemic spikes. Read more about that here.191
Animals fed fructose have more problems than those fed sucrose.192
In the following graph193 the caloric intake of sweeteners per country is compared.
There seems to be a correlation between sweeteners consumption and Covid-19 deaths, but that does not have to mean that it’s causation.
The schedule below shows the difference between sun sourced and diet sourced Vitamin D synthesis.
Here you see how fructose blocks the pathway to activating Vitamin D.194
Alcohol blocks Vitamin D much the same way Fructose does
Alcohol195inhibits fat absorption and thereby impairs absorption of the vitamins A, E, and D that are normally absorbed along with dietary fats . Vitamin A deficiency can be associated with night blindness, and vitaminD deficiency is associated with softening of the bones .196
Vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and the B vitamins, also deficient in some alcoholics, are all involved in wound healing and cell maintenance. In particular, because vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting, deficiencies of that vitamin can cause delayed clotting and result in excess bleeding. Deficiencies of other vitamins involved in brain function can cause severe neurological damage.197
Minerals.198Deficiencies of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc are common in alcoholics. Decreased calcium absorption due to fat malabsorption; magnesium deficiency due to decreased intake, increased urinary excretion, vomiting, and diarrhea; iron deficiency related to gastrointestinal bleeding and zinc malabsorption or losses related to other nutrient deficiencies (17). Mineral deficiencies can cause a variety of medical consequences from calcium-related bone disease to zinc-related night blindness and skin lesions.199For more on Zinc, look here200. For more on Iron look here201.
Furthermore, COPD is increasingly coming to be understood as a systemic inflammatory disease.203
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with lower lung function and more rapid lung function decline in smokers over 20 years in a longitudinal cohort of elderly men. This suggests that vitamin D sufficiency may have a protective effect against the damaging effects of smoking on lung function.204
Vitamin D has immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effects.205
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), the active form of vitamin D, is known to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, thus being a key-player in bone-formation.
However 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also has a physiological role beyond its well-known role in skeletal homeostasis. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is seen as an immunomodulator targeting various immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), as well as T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes, hence modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.206
Besides being targets, immune cells express vitamin D-activating enzymes, allowing local conversion of inactive vitamin D into 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) within the immune system.
Taken together, these data indicate that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) plays a role in maintenance of immune homeostasis.
Several epidemiological studies have linked inadequate vitamin D levels to a higher susceptibility of immune-mediated disorders, including chronic infections and autoimmune diseases.
1,25(OH)(2)D(3) has complex immune-regulatory effects on immune cells as well as a role in infectious and autoimmune diseases, more in particular in tuberculosis and type 1 diabetes (T1D).
TNF-α, is a key cytokine implicated in lung destruction in COPD
TNF-α is down-regulated by vitamin D
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is able to modulate inflammation in monocytes.
Matrix metalloproteinases Enzymes are implicated in COPD,
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a family of at least 20 proteolytic enzymes that play an essential role in tissue remodeling. MMP1 (interstitial collagenase),
MMP9 (gelatinase B) and MMP12 (macrophage elastase) are thought to be important in the development of emphysema.
A study was done to investigate the role of MMP polymorphisms in the development of chronic obstructive lung disease.207
The prevalence of these polymorphisms in 590 continuing smokers chosen from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.208
These data suggest that polymorphisms in the MMP1 and MMP12 genes, but not MMP9, are either causative factors in smoking-related lung injury or are in linkage disequilibrium with causative polymorphisms.209
In asthma, airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) hyperplasia plays an important role in airway remodelling.1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) has direct inhibitory effects on passively sensitized HASMCs in vitro, including inhibition of cell proliferation and expression of MMP-9 and ADAM33, suggesting a possible beneficial role for 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) in preventing and treating asthmatic airway remodelling.
1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) has direct inhibitory effects on passively sensitized HASMCs in vitro, including inhibition of cell proliferation and expression of MMP-9 and ADAM33, suggesting a possible beneficial role for 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) in preventing and treating asthmatic airway remodelling.
Matrix metalloproteinases Enzymes may be modulated by vitamin D.
1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues down-regulate cell invasion-associated proteases in cultured malignant cells.210
Vitamin D also induces production of antioxidants.
The cells exposed to 1,25(OH)2D3 showed increased tolerance (cell survival) to UVB injury. 1,25(OH)2D3-induced MT may act as a radical scavenger in oxygen-mediated UV injury including SBC formation in the skin. These results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 may be practically applied to humans for the purpose of photoprotection.
This may be beneficial in exposure to the oxidative stress of cigarette smoking that leads to lung damage.
Sun burn
Sun burn and the measures we take against that with sunblocks is also a reason for Vitamin D blockage. This is caused by a weakening of the skin because of toxic diet and care products.212 A good way to strengthen your skin are the diet and care tips in the e4dc213. An important element of that is the e4dc shower routine.214 Unlike the aggressive substances people usually use to wash themselves, it leaves the skin in tact so that sunblocks and sunscreens are unnecessary and Vitamin D formation in the skin through sunlight is unhindered.
Statins stop the production of cholesterol. First, statins block the enzyme that creates cholesterol. Reduced production lowers the total amount of cholesterol available in your bloodstream.
Statins help reabsorb existing cholesterol. Your body needs cholesterol to perform certain tasks. These tasks include helping you digest food, make hormones, and absorb vitamin D. If statins lower your cholesterol level, your body can’t get the cholesterol it needs from your circulating blood. Instead, your body needs to find other sources of cholesterol. It does this by reabsorbing cholesterol that has built up as plaques containing LDL in your arteries.
There’s not enough evidence to know what the effects might be of taking high daily doses of pantothenic acid supplements.
Pantothenic acid overload has not been observed from food sources. With very large daily doses of 10 grams a day, stomach upset or mild diarrhea has been reported. However, this is rare and a Tolerable Upper Intake Level for pantothenic acid has not been established.
What blocks B5?
Vitamin C, thiamine (B1) and pantothenic acid are all “sensitive” or “highly sensitive” to damage by heat. Probiotic cultures are even more delicate and cannot live above 120 °F, or 48,8 degrees Celcius as with virtually all bacteria and yeast
Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis): Taking vitamin D could make this condition worse, especially in people with kidney disease.
A type of fungal infection called histoplasmosis: Vitamin D may increase calcium levels in people with histoplasmosis. This could lead to kidney stones and other problems.
High levels of calcium in the blood: Taking vitamin D could make this condition worse.
Over-active parathyroid gland (hyperparathyroidism): Vitamin D may increase calcium levels in people with hyperparathyroidism.
Lymphoma: Vitamin D may increase calcium levels in people with lymphoma. This could lead to kidney stones and other problems.
Kidney disease: Vitamin D may increase calcium levels and increase the risk of “hardening of the arteries” in people with serious kidney disease. This must be balanced with the need to prevent renal osteodystrophy, a bone disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to maintain the proper levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. Calcium levels should be monitored carefully in people with kidney disease.
A disease that causes swelling (inflammation) in body organs, usually the lungs or lymph nodes (sarcoidosis): Vitamin D may increase calcium levels in people with sarcoidosis. This could lead to kidney stones and other problems.
Tuberculosis: Vitamin D might increase calcium levels in people with tuberculosis. This might result in complications such as kidney stones.
Conclusions and relevance:Vitamin D supplementation is ineffective as an agent for lowering Blood Pressure and thus should not be used as an antihypertensive agent.
Signs of Calcium Overload
Conversely, excess calcium (particularly from supplements) can lead to kidney stones, calcification of soft tissue, and increased risk of vascular diseases like stroke and heart attack.226
Kidney Stones227– At least one clinical trial has shown that 7 years of vitamin D and calcium supplementation is associated with increased risk of kidney stone risk.
Calcium overdose can also lead to Zinc deficiency,, the symptoms of which are, among others, lower immune response and loss of taste and smell. 228Sound familiar?229
Oral Vitamin D supplementation can lead to calcium overlaod,which in its turn lead calcification of arteries and to Zinc deficiency, the symptoms of which resemble Covid-19 and long covid: shortness of breath and loss of taste and smell.
Vegan Calcium sources are superior to non vegan ones, since animal protein causes acidic metabolic waste, which causes Calcium to be excreted through urine. The effects of phyic acid in plants can be countered with apple cider vinegar.
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and plays an important physiological role in many of its functions. Magnesium balance is maintained by renal regulation of magnesium reabsorption. The exact mechanism of the renal regulation is not fully understood. The term “renal” refers to the kidney. For example, renal failure means kidney failure.235 Magnesium deficiency is a common problem in hospital patients, with a prevalence of about 10%. There are no readily available and easy methods to assess magnesium status. Serum magnesium and the magnesium tolerance test are the most widely used. Measurement of ionised magnesium may become more widely available with the availability of ion selective electrodes.236
Magnesium deficiency and hypomagnesaemia can result from a variety of causes including gastrointestinal and renal losses. Magnesium deficiency can cause a wide variety of features including hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia and cardiac and neurological manifestations. Chronic low magnesium state has been associated with a number of chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and osteoporosis. The use of magnesium as a therapeutic agent in asthma, myocardial infarction, and pre-eclampsia is also discussed.237
Hypermagnesaemia is less frequent than hypomagnesaemia and results from failure of excretion or increased intake. Hypermagnesaemia can lead to hypotension and other cardiovascular effects as well as neuromuscular manifestations.
Function
Magnesium is an essential mineral required by the body for muscle and nerve function, maintaining heart rhythm, building strong bones238 and energy production. The secretion and action of insulin also require magnesium.
About 60% of the magnesium in your body is found in bone, while the rest is in muscles, soft tissues and fluids, including blood
In fact, every cell in your body contains it and needs it to function.
One of magnesium’s main roles is acting as a cofactor or helper molecule in the biochemical reactions continuously performed by enzymes.
Magnesium is involved in more than 600 reactions in your body, including
Energy creation:239Helps convert food into energy.
Protein formation:240Helps create new proteins from amino acids.
Gene maintenance:241Helps create and repair DNA and RNA.
Muscle movements:242Is part of the contraction and relaxation of muscles.
Nervous system regulation:243Helps regulate neurotransmitters, which send messages throughout your brain and nervous system.244
Magnesium plays a critical role in brain function 245and mood: Magnesium supplementation has been linked to improvement in depression symptoms,Stress. Physical and emotional stress drain the body of magnesium. In fact, studies show inverse relationships between serum cortisol and magnesium—the higher the magnesium, the lower the cortisol. 246
It Has Benefits Against Type 2 Diabetes People who get the most magnesium have a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, Magnesium has shown to lower blood sugar in some people.
Magnesium Reduces Insulin Resistance
Magnesium Has Anti-Inflammatory Benefits
Magnesium Can Help Prevent Migraines
Magnesium Improves PMS Symptoms
Deficiency symptoms
A deficiency in magnesium can lead to numbness, muscle cramps, seizures, abnormal heart rhythms, and coronary spasms.
Depression: A variety of neuromuscular and psychiatric symptoms, including different types of depression, was observed in magnesium deficiency.247
Low magnesium intake is linked to chronic inflammation, which is one of the drivers of aging, obesity and chronic disease.248
Magnesium Overload symptoms
Conversely, consuming too much magnesium typically causes diarrhea and nausea as the body attempts to excrete the excess.249
RDA Magnesium
The current daily value (DV) for magnesium is 420 mg.
Sources of magnesium
High magnesium foods include dark leafy greens, seeds, beans, whole grains, nuts, dark chocolate, yogurt, avocados, bananas and more.
Pumpkin seeds:250 46% of the RDI, in a quarter cup (16 grams), that is 193 mg per 16 grams, and 1206,25 mg per 100 grams
Cocao251, raw, or cacao252, 15 grams has 102 mg, 100 grams has 680 mg253
Cocoa, roasted, 499 mg of magnesium per 100 grams254
Almonds:255Almonds 270mg (64% DV)25% of the RDI in a quarter cup (24 grams), That is105 mg. 100 grams has 437,5 mg.
Flaxseeds 392 mg per 100 grams
Brazil nuts: 25% DV in 1oz of Brazil nuts.256 10 grams has 376 mg
Sesame seeds: 100 grams have 351 mg
Cashews:25720% DV in 1oz of cashews.25% of the RDI in a quarter cup (30 grams). That is 105 mg. 100 grams has 350 mg.
Chiaseeds: 100 grams have 335 mg of magnesium
Buckwheat: 100 grams had 281 mg258, 20% DV in 1 cup of buckwheat
Pine nuts: 17% DV in 1oz of pine nuts259, is 71, 4 mg per ounce, is 252 mg per 100 grams
Bulgur: 14% DV in 1 cup of bulgur 100 grams has 164 mg.
Hazelnuts 100 grams has 163 mg per
Walnuts: 100 grams has 158 mg.
Dark chocolate (70–85% cocoa):26033% of the RDI in 3.5 ounces (100 grams), that is 138,6 mg of magnesium per 100 grams of dark chocolate.
Pecans: 9% DV in 1oz of pecans, is 37,8 mg per ounce, is 133,34 mg per 100 grams261
Sunflowerseeds per 30 grams 9% DV,262 37,8 mg of magnesium per 30 grams, is 126 mg of magnesium per 100 grams of sunflower seeds.
Prunes: 100 grams of prunes have 41 mg of magnesium
Lentils: 17% DV in 1 cup of lentils lentils, boiled, 100 grams have 35 mg of magnesium. 273
Raisins: 100 grams have 32 mg of magnesium
Avocado:27415% of the RDI in one medium avocado (200 grams). That is 63 mg. 100 grams has 31,5 mg,
Turnip greens: 8% DV in 1 cup of turnip greens, 100 grams of turnip greens have 31 mg of magnesium.
Whole wheat pasta, boiled, 100 grams has 30 mg275. 15% DV in 1 cup of whole wheat pasta
Collard greens 10% DV in 1 cup of collard greens, That is 42 mg. 100 grams of collard greens have 27 mg of magnesium
Banana’s 100 grans has 27mg (6% DV)
Oatmeal has 26 mg per 100 grams
non fat yoghurt 100 grams has 19mg(5% DV)
Kefir: 175 grams has 3% ofthe RDI, which is 12.6 mg.100 grams has 7,2 mg.
Grapes: 100 grams of grapes have 5 mg of magnesium
Apple: 100 grams of apple has 5 mg of magnesium.
Aloe Vera Gel contains calcium, chromium, copper, selenium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium and zinc. They are essential for the proper functioning of various enzyme systems in different metabolic pathways and few are antioxidants. 276
Increased intakes of protein and fructose from fruit improve apparent magnesium absorption (magnesium intake minus fecal excretion) in humans, whereas a lowering effect occurs with consumption of cellulose and phytic acid278
Olive oil also enhances magnesium absorption.
Magnesium absorption due to active and passive transport together, was greater in resected than in transected rats in all three intestinal segments, although the difference was significant only in the jejunum (the segment closest to the anastomosis), because of the greater increase in mucosal mass in resected animals. When the three intestinal segments were compared, magnesium absorption in favour of and against the concentration gradient in the proximal colon was significantly greater than in the duodenum or the jejunum, in resected and transected animals fed diet A or diet B. These findings show that the colon is the segment that most efficiently absorbs magnesium in rats with intestinal resection, especially when diet B is given.279
A vitamin K2 deficiency leads to calcium deposits in our artery walls, which can affect the functions of kidneys and the brain.
Without vitamin K2, the calcium metabolism does not work and the mineral content decreases. Bones can become porous on this.
Without vitamin K2, no coagulation factors can be produced to stop bleeding.285
Consequences of too much
These only occur with excessive artificial supplementation or injection and can include:
Decreased appetite
decreased movement or activity
difficulty in breathing
enlarged liver
general body swelling
irritability
muscle stiffness
paleness
yellow eyes or skin
Rare
Difficulty in swallowing
fast or irregular breathing
lightheadedness or fainting
shortness of breath
skin rash, hives and/or itching
swelling of eyelids, face, or lips
tightness in chest
troubled breathing and/or wheezing
Rare
Blue color or flushing or redness of skin
dizziness
fast and/or weak heartbeat
increased sweating
low blood pressure (temporary)
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) concentrations were measured in a wide range of cheeses and the effects of fat content, ripening and origin of the cheeses were investigated. Moreover, the menaquinone content of cheese was compared with that of other foods known to contain vitamin K2. It was found that cheese and curd are the most important sources of long-chain menaquinones in the Western diet and, in general, hard cheeses are richer in menaquinones than soft cheeses. However, the actual menaquinone content varies substantially and is dependent on the type of cheese, the time of ripening, the fat content and the geographic area where the cheeses are produced 290.
Researchers estimate that a 70 kilogram (kg) person needs around 800–3,000 mg of lysine per day. A person’s body weight affects how much they need as follow
Dosage recommendations for lysine vary according to what you’re using it for. The typical dietary guideline for lysine is 1 gram (g) or 1000 milligrams (mg) per day.295
Good sources of lysine include foods that are rich in protein, such as:296
Himalayan Salt has 12.4 grams of Sulfur per kg371, which is 1.24 grams of Sulfur per100 grams, which is 1240 mg. Tha t is 1240 milligrams of Sulfur per 100 grams.
Sea salt has 9.7 milligrams of Sulfur per quarter-teaspoon of sea salt. Sulfur is the third most common mineral in sea salt372. Even though it is not an essential mineral, sulfur plays an important role in your immune system and the detoxification of your body. A quarter-teaspoon of sea salt weighs 1,15 grams 373 If there is 9.7 mg of Sulfur in 1,15 grams of sea salt, then 100 grans of sea salt has 843.48 mg of Sulfur. That is 397 mg less than Himalayan salt.
Methionine, cysteine, homocysteine, and taurine are the 4 common sulfur-containing amino acids376.
. Organosulfur
Allium vegetables are rich in organosulfur compounds, which may also help inhibit the growth of cancer cells in the esophagus, breasts, and lungs, according to some animal studies377. The major organosulfur compounds present in Allium sativum. Regularly eating garlic and other foods high in sulfur is linked to reduced oxidative stress and inflammation as well as higher antioxidant levels378,
The primary sulfur-containing compounds in cruciferous vegetables, known as glucosinolates, may contribute to lower incidences of cardiovascular disease.
One study demonstrated a positive correlation between the consumption of cruciferous vegetables and lower incidences of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease-related mortality. This protective effect is believed to be due in part to their glucosinolate content381.
Broccoli and cauliflower are rich in glucosinolates.
Steaming broccoli for one to three minutes helps maximize the bioavailability of sulfur-containing compounds382.
Broccoli and Cauliflour are rich in glucosinolates383
Emerging research has demonstrated that sulforaphane-rich foods may have protective effects against amyloid beta-induced oxidative damage that can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Sulforaphane may also promote the clearance of amyloid-beta plaque buildup in the brain, potentially reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease 386.Sulforaphane is the inactive form glucoraphanin belonging to the glucosinolate family. Found in cruciferous vegetables, this compound is recognized for its antioxidant and anti-cancer effects387.
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that the body produces from another amino acid, called methionine. Homocysteine is usually found in very small amounts in your body394.
Methionine is the initiating amino acid in the synthesis of virtually all eukaryotic proteins397.
Methionine is an antioxidant. It may help protect the body from damage caused by ionizing radiation. It may detoxify harmful substances in the body, such as heavy metals. It may also prevent liver damage from acetaminophen poisoning398.
RDA Methionine
The RDA for methionine (combined with cysteine) for adults has been set at 14 mg/Kg of body weight per day. Therefore a person weighing 70 Kg, independent of age or sex, requires the consumption of around 1.1 g (0.9 mMoles) of methionine/cysteine per day. 399
Animal sources include tuna, salm on, shrimp, beef, and lamb.
Studies are finding links between taurine and what seems like every body part and function. Here are seven reasons to make sure you’re getting enough taurine in your diet.
1. Supports your metabolism
Taurine is necessary for your metabolic and digestive processes. It helps your liver make bile salts, which break down fats in your intestines.
2. Boosts physical performance
A bunch of studies demonstrate how taurine enhances exercise performance. Research suggests that taurine may help improve energy levels, combat exercise-related fatigue, and reduce muscle damage. Score!
3. Protects your musculoskeletal system
This miracle amino infuses a little TLC into your bones and muscles.
Taurine may help guard against periodontal disease and may facilitate postexercise muscle recovery. Evidence points to taurine being effective in treating skeletal muscle disorders like muscular dystrophy, but more research is needed.
4. Does your eyes and ears good
Research in animals has suggested that taurine may help resolve tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and, in some cases, it may even be able to improve hearing.
A study suggested taurine could be a serious candidate for treating eye disorders like glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy because low levels of taurine seem to influence these types of diseases.
5. Safeguards your heart
Findings from studies in humans and animals suggest that taurine may help reduce high blood pressure, improve blood flow, and promote the health of your arteries.
A 2004 study also shows that taurine can protect against a risk factor of heart disease, high body weight.
There’s also evidence that taurine supplementation seems to amplify the exercise efforts of people with heart failure by lowering their cholesterol and inflammation levels.
6. Fights brain aging
Taurine may be your brain’s little fountain of youth. According to some animal studies, taurine supplementation may benefit learning and memory.
Also, one study found that taurine supplements could improve cognitive function in older adults with dementia.
7. Combats a variety of conditions
Taurine supplementation may benefit people with certain conditions, including:
diabetes
inflammatory conditions, like arthritis
neurological conditions, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
hepatitis
Taurine may also improve your mental health. Studies found taurine modulated or reduced stress, anxiety, and depression in animals404.
Still, some people have reported side effects after taking taurine, including (20Trusted Source):
vomiting
nausea
liver pain
headache
stomach pain
It’s unclear whether these side effects are related to the amino acid or to a different ingredient that may have been taken alongside taurine.
It’s worth noting that although no evidence shows that taking taurine alongside prescription medications causes side effects, it acts as a cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitor .
This means it could interfere with medications that rely on this enzyme to metabolize drugs, such as antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, warfarin, and statins.406
RDA for Taurine
The most common dosage range for taurine is 500–3,000 mg per day ( 2 , 5 ). However, keep in mind that an EFSA report from 2012 suggests that up to 6,000 daily is safe, demonstrating its strong safety profile.407
Taurine blocks
Taurine is destroyed by heat processes. One study found that an average of 52 percent of the taurine in raw meats was lost through baking and an average of 79 percent through boiling. 408
So chick peas 18.7 nmoles/g. horse beans 12.9, and
black beans 9.2 nmoles/g409. become much less after heating the food.
Taurine Food Sources
Foods high in taurine include, seaweed, brewers yeast and nuts 410
The highest concentration of taurine was found in clams and octopus (41.4 μmoles/g and 31.2 μmoles/g) followed by shrimp and fish (12.4 μmoles/g and 9.1 μmoles/g).
Beef, pork and lamb meet contain taurine in concentration ranging 3.5-4.0 μmoles/g.
Taurine concentration in chicken leg was 6.6 μmoles/g and in chicken breast was 1.4 μmoles/g.
No taurine was found was found either in hen eggs (yolk or white) or in dairy products or in honey. Taurine was undetectable in fruits and vegetables.
From the seeds, cereals and grains examined, rice, wheat, barley, sesame seed, coffee and cacao, contains no taurine.No taurine was detected in peanuts.
Almonds between 15-46 nmoles/g.
Cashews between 15-46 nmoles/g.
Hazelnuts between 15-46 nmoles/g.
pine nuts contained taurine in concentrations ranging 15-46 nmoles/g.
Pumpkin seeds contain 13.5 nmoles/g,
Nori 1,300 milligrams of taurine per 100 grams.411 but since taurine is largely diminished by heat, Dulse is probably a better choice.412
Dulse has 300 milligrams of Taurine per serving413.
Pistachios contained very low concentrations of taurine (4.9 nmoles/g).
All analyses were carried out in uncooked samples.
The interest of these results is considered in terms of reported evidences on the deleterious consequences of taurine deficiency in animals and humans414.
Zinc is a trace element which is essential to to cell function and involved in over 100 enzymes. Zinc has long been tauted for it’s potential to support the immune system, but also plays an important role in wound healing, fertility, preventing and treating pneumonia and preserving community between neurons (memory).
Quinine is known as a serious poison, but small quantities are recognized as therapeutic.
The advice is to take 300 mg a day. Tonic water contains no more than 83 mg of quinine per liter—a much lower concentration than the 500 to 1,000 mg in the therapeutic dose of quinine tablets. 442
And the amount in walnuts and grapefruit is still lower.
Quercetin (C15H10O7) is a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, which has unique biological properties that may improve mental/physical performance and reduce infection risk . These properties form the basis for potential benefits to overall health and disease resistance, including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and psychostimulant activities, as well as the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and capillary permeability, and to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis
Quercetins are naturally occurring flavonoids. These flavonoids are found in a variety of foods, including vegetables such as onions, garlic, brassica, mustard greens, and ginger; fruit such as apples, berries, and grapes; and many seeds, nuts, flowers bark and tea leaves448
Quercetin as a Zinc Ionophore
Quercetin is a zinc ionophore (13). A 2015 study found that that Quercetin shows inhibitory activity in the early stages of a wide range of influenza viruses, including H1N1 and H5N1 (14). Although influenza is not in the same family of viruses as the coronavirus, it’s plausible that a similar mechanism could apply here. There is actually some evidence that Quercetin has already proven effective at treating Ebola and Zika viruses449.
Hypothesis of zinc ascorbate as best zinc ionophore for raising antiviral resistance against Covid‐19450.
Quercetin-type flavonols (primarily as quercetin glycosides), the most abundant of the flavonoid molecules, are widely distributed in plants.
They are found in a variety of foods including apples, berries, Brassica vegetables, capers, grapes, onions, shallots, tea, and tomatoes, as well as many seeds, nuts, flowers, barks, and leaves.
Quercetin is also found in medicinal botanicals, including Ginkgo biloba, Hypericum perforatum, and Sambucus canadensis .
In red onions, higher concentrations of quercetin occur in the outermost rings and in the part closest to the root, the latter being the part of the plant with the highest concentration .
One study found that organically grown tomatoes had 79% more quercetin than chemically grown fruit .
Quercetin is present in various kinds of honey from different plant sources .
Food-based sources of quercetin include vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, beverages and other products of plant origin .
In the determined food, the highest concentration is 234 mg/100 g of edible portion in capers (raw), the lowest concentration is 2 mg/100 g of edible portion in black or green tea (Camellia sinensis) 451.
Dietary intake of quercetin was different in several countries. The estimated flavonoid intake ranges from 50 to 800 mg/day (quercetin accounts for 75%), mostly depending on the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the intake of tea452 . Foods that commonly contain quercetin include onions, apples, grapes, berries, broccoli, citrus fruits, cherries, tea, and capers
The concentrations of flavonols (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) were determined in 22 plant materials (9 vegetables, 5 fruits, and 8 medicinal plant organs). The materials were extracted with acidified methanol (methanol/HCl, 100:1, v/v) and analyzed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) with UV detection. The total flavonols contents varied significantly (P<0.05) among vegetables, fruits and medicinal plant organs ranged from 0 to 1720.5, 459.9 to 3575.4, and 2.42 to 6125.6mgkg(-1) of dry matter, respectively. Among vegetables, spinach and cauliflower exhibited the highest amounts of flavonols (1720.5 and 1603.9mgkg(-1), respectively), however, no flavonols were detected in garlic. Within fruits, highest level of flavonols was observed in strawberry (3575.4mgkg(-1)), whereas, the lowest in apple fruit (459.9mgkg(-1)). Of the medicinal plant organs, moringa and aloe vera leaves contained the highest contents of flavonols (6125.6 and 1636.04mgkg(-1)), respectively, whereas, lowest was present in barks (2.42-274.07mgkg(-1)). Overall, leafy green vegetables, soft fruits and medicinal plant leaves exhibited higher levels of flavonols.454
Its name is derived from the word “hesperidium”, for fruit produced by citrus trees. Hesperidin is believed to play a role in plant defense.
In addition to its well-known benefits for cardiovascular function, type II diabetes, and anti-inflammation, recent studies have demonstrated multiple benefits of hesperidin
The antiallergic activity of hesperidin and its metabolite hesperetin were investigated. Hesperidin did not inhibit the histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE. However, its metabolite hesperetin potently inhibited the histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells in duced by IgE and the PCA reaction.480
Antiviral activity of plant juices and green tea against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus in vitro
Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice, pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice, and green tea (Camellia sinensis) have virucidal activity against both viruses,487
Leucoefdin, a member of catechol, and a polyphenol is colourless and linked to leucoanthocyanidins found in the Arachis hypogaea (Earth nut in seeds), Musa sp. (Banana, in the fruit), Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry), Vicia faba (bell-bean, in the seed),488 Nelumbo nucifera (lotusleaf) have been selected for the docking and simulation analysis.489
Leucoefdin an important constituent of various fruits such as banana and raspberry, was explored to target MPro protease of SARS Co-V 2. Ligand was found to bind at active site of MPro with large negative binding energies in molecular docking and simulation study. The docking results showed that Leucoefdin interacted with the MPro by forming hydrogen bonds, at Leu 141, His163, His 164, and Glu 166. Other non-bonded interactions were seen at Met49, Pro52, Tyr54, Phe140, Leu141, Cys145 and Met165. Results of Leucoefdin was in coherence with the recently reported MPro protease-inhibitor complex. It even displayed better binding energies (kcal/mol) in HTVS (-6.28), SP (-7.28), XP (-9.29) and MMGBSA (-44.71) as compared to the reference ligand [HTVS (-4.87), SP (-6.79), XP (-5.75) and MMGBSA (-47.76)]. Leucoefdin-MPro complex on molecular dynamic simulation showed initial fluctuations in RMSD plot for a certain period and attained equilibrium which remained stable during entire simulation for 150 ns. RMSF of protein showed less secondary structure fluctuations and a greater number of H-bond formation with Leucoefdin during 150 ns simulation. Post simulation MMGBSA analysis showed binding energy of -45.98 Kcal/mol. These findings indicated the potential of Leucoefdin as lead compound in R&D for drug discovery and development against SARS CoV- 490
Leucoefdin is Onion Due to its therapeutic property, it might be considered for Covid-19 Egg yolk Egg yolk antibodies are found to be preventive against Covid-19 Covid-19 Celery Fresh juice from celery is suggested and further being explored for preventing damage of multiple organs [Covid-19 Sesame oil Due to its high linoleic acid concentration, sesame oil might be helpful for protection [1 Covid-19 Strawberry Strawberry might present inhibitory potential [130] Covid-19 Raspberries Leucoefdin found in raspberry present inhibitory potential Covid-19 Honey Due to its anti-viral properties, it might be helpful.492Onion Due to its therapeutic property, it might be considered for Covid. Covid-19 Egg yolk Egg yolk antibodies are found to be preventive against Covid-19 Covid-19 Celery Fresh juice from celery is suggested and further being explored for preventing damage of multiple organs [Covid-19 Sesame oil Due to its high linoleic acid concentration, sesame oil might be helpful for protection [1 Covid-19 Strawberry Strawberry might present inhibitory potential [130] Covid-19 Raspberries Leucoefdin found in raspberry present inhibitory potential Covid-19 Honey Due to its anti-viral properties, it might be helpful.493 to its therapeutic property, it might be consideredfor Covid. Covid-19 Egg yolk Egg yolk antibodies are found to be preventive against Covid-19 Covid-19 Celery Fresh juice from celery is suggested and further being explored for preventing damage of multiple organs [Covid-19 Sesame oil Due to its high linoleic acid concentration, sesame oil might be helpful for protection [1 Covid-19 Strawberry Strawberry might present inhibitory potential [130] Covid-19 Raspberries Leucoefdin found in raspberry present inhibitory potential Covid-19 Honey Due to its anti-viral properties, it might be helpful.494
Vero cells are a lineage of cells used in cell cultures.The ‘Vero’ lineage was isolated from kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey (Chlorocebus sp.; formerly called Cercopithecus aethiops, this group of monkeys has been split into several different species). The lineage was developed on 27 March 1962, by Yasumura and Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan.[2] The original cell line was named “Vero” after
an abbreviation of verda reno, which means “green kidney” in Esperanto, while vero itself means “truth” in Esperanto.496
Bromelain is a group of enzymes found in the fruit and stem of the pineapple plant. P ineapple is native to the Americas but is now grown throughout the world in tropical and subtropical regions. Historically, natives of Central and South America used pineapple for a variety of ailments, such as digestive disorders.
Bromelain is promoted as a dietary supplement for reducing pain and swelling, especially of the nose and sinuses, gums, and other body parts after surgery or injury. It is also promoted for osteoarthritis, cancer, digestive problems, and muscle soreness. Topical bromelain is promoted for burns.497
Bromelain is promoted as a dietary supplement for reducing pain and swelling, especially of the nose and sinuses, gums, and other body parts after surgery or injury. It is also promoted for osteoarthritis, cancer, digestive problems, and muscle soreness. Topical bromelain is promoted for burns.498
Bromelain is a mixture of enzymes found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) that digest protein (proteolytic). Pineapple has been used for centuries in Central and South America to treat indigestion and reduce inflammation.
Streptococcus thermophilus produces the enzyme lactase, which the body needs to digest the sugar in milk and other dairy products. Some studies suggest Streptococcus thermophilus can help prevent lactose intolerance512.
Studies show Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus513, favors the maintenance of an adequate immune response, mainly by slowing the aging of the T cell subpopulations and increasing the number of immature T cells which are potential responders to new antigens514.
Studies show Lactobacillus helveticus515 has many health benefits.
Studies in humans show Lactobacillus helveticus promotes overall gut health
This study 516found that consumption of L. helveticus promoted the production of butyrate, which helps with gut balance and stability517.
Lactobacillus helveticus
Lactobacillus helveticus decreases blood pressure
A study518 of 40 participants with high to normal blood pressure found the daily consumption of L. helveticus reduced blood pressure without any adverse effects.
Lactobacillus helveticus improves anxiety and depression
Preliminary results have shown that L. helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum, taken in combination, can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression519.
Improves sleep
One study520showed consumption of fermented milk with L. helveticus improved sleep in patients aged 60–81 years.
Shortens the length of upper respiratory tract illnesses
This study521w,hich had 39 elite athlete participants, found L. helveticus reduced the length of upper respiratory tract illnesses.
Increases calcium levels
In a study 522done in 2016, a group of participants between the ages of 64 and 74 ate yogurt with L. helveticus probiotic every morning. The study found serum calcium levels increased in those who ate the yogurt.
Has a positive effect on calcium metabolism
A study 523of postmenopausal women between the ages of 50 and 78 found that there was a positive effect on calcium metabolism in women who were given milk with L. helveticus. It also found that it decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is associated with bone loss.
Treats gut infections
A study published in Frontiers in Microbiology 524suggests that L. helveticus might help treat infections in your gut.
Studies in mice
Learning and memory
When mice were given 525Calpis sour milk whey, an L. helveticus-fermented milk product, the mice showed improvement in learning and recognition tests.
Arthritis
In this study526, researchers found L. helveticus decreased the production of splenocytes in mice, which can improve the symptoms associated with arthritis.
Dermatitis
Here527mice were given L. helveticus-fermented milk whey orally. Researchers found it may be effective in preventing the onset of dermatitis.
Fungal growth
This study 528found that L. helveticus suppressed vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice.
Breast tumors
In this study 529mice that were fed L. helveticus-fermented milk showed decreased growth rates of mammary tumors.
Infection
In this study530, researchers found milk fermented by L. helveticus given to mice offered improved protection against salmonella infection.
Studies in vitro
Cancer
There have been a few in vitro studies that looked at the cancer-fighting potential of L. helveticus. This study 531found that L. helveticus inhibited the production of human colon cancer cells. Two different532studies 533found L. helveticus subdued the production of human colon cancer cells. This study 534found L. helveticus inhibited the production of liver cancer cells, specifically HepG-2, BGC-823, and HT-29 cancer cells.
Inflammation
In this study535, researchers looked at the ability of L. helveticus to modify or regulate immune functions in vitro. Their results indicated it could be useful in the development of products used to prevent or treat inflammation-associated diseases.
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens: L. kefiranofaciens,can be involved in mechanisms affecting intestinal health, immunomodulation, control of blood lipid levels, hypertension, antimicrobial action, and protection against diabetes and tumors536.
Ingestion of milk fermented with L. lactis increases sebum production, thereby reinforcing the skin barrier 539.
Maintains skin hydration and improves skin elasticity 540 .
Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc probiotics promote health benefits against influenza541.
I should have seen it coming, since pharma giants do the same thing with all free, abundant foods that have amazing health benefits:
1.first deny they do anything,
2.then reproduce them in an unnatural way,
3.then notice this unnatural form is dangerous,
4. then vilify them in their natural form as well.
What are they targeting now?
Probiotics.
So let’s follow the whole cycle.
Johanna Budwig had amazing results mixing flaxseed oil with yogurt as a cancer treatment.
Then theories came that probiotics don’t survive the stomach acid, and are useless.
Then they started looking for ways to bypass the stomach acid, using pills with coatings that survive the stomach acid, and more disgustingly, taking a healhy person’s gut bacteria, even feces, and putting it into other people.
And then , surprise surprise, they find out that this does more harm than good, and what do they come up with now?
Back to ingested probiotics from natural, clean sources?
Of course not! Where’s the money in that?
They now say that probiotics are very personalized. That you should make a personal plan for them with your physician.Well, Johanna Budwig gave every one of her patients the same recipe and that worked just fine. Cancer patients, these same pharma giants could not cure, but she could.
So maybe we should just conclude that your body knows exactly what it’s doing when some probiotics do not survive the acidity of the stomach and just let it kill off what it wants to kill off and let through what it feels is safe.
Here are some of the studies I mentioned
Do ingested probiotics survive the stomache?
In conclusion, we confirmed that yogurt bacteria, especially L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, can be retrieved from feces of healthy individuals after a few days of ingestion of commercial yogurt. Moreover, our results indicate that very careful setup of the analytic procedures can dramatically improve the reliability of studies of the survival of yogurt starters542.
Most probiotic bacteria that are added to foods, such as yoghurt, to aid the digestive system are not reaching their intended target in the intestine. Instead, the majority are being destroyed in the stomach before they can do any good. Now, UK scientists have come up with a coating to overcome this problem543. And surprise, surprise (not), what do we read after people artificially bypass the the body’s natural boundaries: New research in the journal Cell Host & Microbiome suggests that under certain conditions, probiotics can be harmful due to their ability to evolve once in the gut544.
What’s harmful is bypassing the body’s natural defense with capsules, vaccines, and unnatural and distasteful practices of exchanging feces between humans!
So don’t be deceived. The natural, clean way of preparing and consuming probiotics, like kefir and kombucha, is nothing but beneficial545.
The skin is the primary defensc against pathogens. Healthy skin has twice the number of T-cells that blood has.
The best way to wash hands and the rest of your skin without damage
While even washing hands with chlorine is better than not washing hands, it is far better to wash them with vinegar and essential oils547, because that way you don’t damage the skin. Chlorine and normal handsanetizers damage the skin and make it far easier for infections and bacteria to infect your skin and you.
The following study548 from Nature Reviews Microbiology shows what the human skin microbiome looks like:
It says: “Skin microorganisms have adapted to utilize the sparse nutrients available on the skin
Many cutaneous microorganisms can produce molecules that inhibit the colonization of other microorganisms or alter their behaviour
The skin microbiota of a healthy adult remains stable over time, despite environmental perturbations
Shotgun metagenomics provides greater resolution than traditional amplicon sequencing, enabling surveys of the skin microbiota at the kingdom, species, strain or gene level
Skin microorganisms have important roles in educating the innate and adaptive arms of the cutaneous immune system
Some skin diseases are associated with an altered microbial state; reversion of this dysbiosis may help prevent and/or treat the disease550
Our skin is home to millions of bacteria, fungi and viruses that compose the skin microbiota.
Similar to those in our gut, skin microorganisms have essential roles in the protection against invading pathogens, the education of our immune system and the breakdown of natural products.
As the largest organ of the human body, skin is colonized by beneficial microorganisms and serves as a physical barrier to prevent the invasion of pathogens 551.
Want clean hands? Vinegar and essential oils are the best disinfectants!
Will vinegar sterilize bottles?
White distilled vinegar is a natural sanitizer, killing bacteria as well as or better than commercial sanitizing solutions.554
Research shows and experience confirms vinegar and essential oil are far better disinfectants than commercial chemical concoctions, that don’t even kill bacteria and viruses after 2 minutes of washing, while harming the skin and weakening the immune system.
Alcohol, bleach and chemical disinfectants are not the solution, since they harm the skin, poison the body and break down the natural immunity the skin has.
As for soap: aside from the toxic ingredients it usually has, normal soap doesn’t even take off bacteria after 4 minutes of washing.
This may be disappointing to diehard germaphobes, but it’s possible for soap to be crawling with bacteria as much as anything else. If you’re storing your soap improperly, such as leaving it in a wet puddle on the edge of your sink, it gives bacteria a fertile place to multiply. When you use it, you basically wind up transferring germs from the soap directly to your hands.
In a thorough study of soapcontamination, one team of U.S. researchers found that even among test subjects with great handwashing technique — more on that in a minute — soap that was already contaminated wound up increasing the number of bacteria on the subjects’ hands after washing.
The scientists tested three types of soap dispenser, in both lab and real-world settings.
Of the three variants, the dispensers that were refillable from a giant bottle of liquid soap were by far the filthiest, leading to a 26-fold increase in handwashers’ bacteria levels.
Modular dispensers that relied on sealed refills stayed clean even after a year of use.
In short, both the nature of the dispenser as well as the cleanliness of the soap itself can have a major impact on how clean your hands are after washing.
How helpful for disinfecting hands is antibacterial soap, anyway?
In a head-to-head test of antibacterial and regular soap, antibacterial soap has an inherent advantage.
One study has shown that a 15-second handwashing session with regular soap successfully reduced E. coli by 1.72 log10, compared to 2.90 log10 for antibacterial soap.
But after doubling the time spent washing, the amount of bacteria removed skyrocketed (for antibacterial soap, the figure was 3.33 log10).
Increasing the volume of soap used seemed to help in the case of antibacterial soap, but there seemed to be a ceiling for regular soap beyond which more time and more soap did virtually nothing.
Why? The level of bacterial reduction caused by nonantimicrobial soap is due to its surfactants, which physically remove bacteria. Once maximum removal is achieved, soap amount and wash time do not improve surfactancy. Antimicrobial soap provides both surfactancy and biocidal modes of action.
In other words, regular soap simply causes bacteria to loosen their grip on your hands, to be rinsed away. That helps explain why using water alone still seems to work just fine, as long as you rub your hands together vigorously. By contrast, antibacterial soap has additives that are designed to kill bacteria outright.
Sample images from a controlled study (Table 2) to determine the number of bacteria from contaminated hands transferred to an agar surface before (A and C) and after (B and D) hand washing with soap containing 4.51 log10 CFU/ml (A and B) or 7.51 log10 CFU/ml (C and D) of S. marcescens.
Recovery and transfer of bacteria from hands after washing with contaminated liquid soap in an elementary school.
An elementary school was identified in which all (14/14) of the bulk-soap-refillable dispensers being used in the restrooms were found to be contaminated with bacteria at levels ranging from 6.0 to 7.0 log10 CFU/ml of soap.
A variety of Gram-negative species from the Citrobacter, Providencia, Pseudomonas, and Serratia genera were identified among the recovered contaminants. 555
Vinegar and essential oils on the other hand kill pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungi instantly, without harming the skin flora and the natural oils on our skin, another brilliant way our immune system protects us.
So a soap dispenser with vinegar by the sink which you can use as soap, rinse, and then rub some essential oil on and rinse again.
The battle between beneficial microbes and pathogens isn’t only going on in our guts. It’s also going on on our skin and in our surroundings. So when we are cleaning ourselves, we want smart disinfectants, that, like our immune system, kill pathogens without harming beneficial microbes.556
Anti bacterial soap, achieves the opposite of what it claims.557 Instead of ridding the body from bacteria, it aids in creating a super resistant bacteria. The reason is that aside from destroying the natural oils on the skin and the skin flora the soap just kills weak pathogens and aids in creating super strong strains.558
The investigators evaluated IAV (influenza A Virus) inactivation in antiseptic hand rubbing (AHR) with EBDs (Ethanol Based Disinfectants) and antiseptic handwashing (AHW) methods among the mucus that adhered to the hands and fingers of 10 volunteers. While IAV in saline was completely inactivated by AHR using EBD after 30 seconds, IAV in all mucus samples remained active even after AHR for a full 2 minutes. It was not completely inactivated by AHR until 4 minutes of hand rubbing with EBDs, the investigators found.
And if you scrub your hands with a hand sanetizer like Purell for 4 minutes, your skin will be damaged, your immune system weakened with all sorts of hormone disrupters and cancer causing agents.559
Consumer Report says: “As with previous studies, the new research found that using hand sanitizer can remove the flu virus, but it took far longer than hand-washing did. One of the main reasons, the researchers found, is that the mucus from the mouth and nose—which contains the flu virus if you’re infected—makes it difficult for the alcohol in hand sanitizers to penetrate.”
“Use hand sanitizer (with at least 60 percent alcohol) only if a sink isn’t available. But keep in mind that while hand sanitizers have some effect on cold and flu viruses, they don’t eliminate all types of germs from hands. For instance, they don’t killClostridium difficile, a “superbug” that causes severe diarrhea that can occur as a side effect of antibiotics. Hand sanitizers also don’t do a good job of cleaning visibly dirty hands.”560
And studies have shown that antibacterial products don’t kill viruses, which cause some of the most common illnesses, such as colds and the flu.
Vinegar , on the other hand, is very disinfecting, even better than alcohol and it softens your hands instead of drying them out. like soap does, and it kills pathogens without harming the beneficial microbes, or the natural oils on the skin.561
The following article is from ABC Health & Wellbeing
By Anna Evangeli and Amy Thanh Ai TongUpdated 18 January 2018 at 8:14 amFirst posted 11 January 2018 at 8:10 pm
Does vinegar really kill household germs?
“It’s certainly inexpensive, non-toxic and biodegradable and has been used as a common disinfectant for thousands of years.
But especially if you want to clean your kitchen or your bathroom, you might be wondering about household germs. Does vinegar really kill them?
It seems the answer is a qualified “yes”.
How does it work?
Vinegar, be it white or malt or rosemary-infused, is about 5 per cent acetic acid. The acid kills bacteria and viruses, by chemically changing the proteins and fats that make up these nasties and destroying their cell structures.
Does vinegar kill germs?
Yes. Acetic acid (a.k.a. white vinegar) is a great disinfectant. It also acts as a deodorizer and cuts grease.
You can tackle salmonella, E. coli and other “gram-negative” bacteria with vinegar. Gram-negative bacteria can cause pneumonia, meningitis and bloodstream, wound or surgical site infections.
How does it work?
The acid in vinegar crosses the bacteria’s cell membrane ,prompting a release of protons, which causes the cell to die.
White vinegar found on most store shelves is a five per cent concentration of acetic acid. It kills about 80 per cent of germs. Look for stronger concentrations at eco-friendly stores that have refill stations.
Use full strength for tough cleaning jobs or dilute 50:50 with water.
Five ways to clean with vinegar
Fill your dishwasher rinse agent dispenser with white vinegar.
Soak sweat-stained white clothing in about 60 millilitres of white vinegar and enough water to cover the stain. Leave overnight. Wash with eco-friendly laundry soap.
Soak rusty tools in a pail of white vinegar and brush to clean.
To deodorize your toilet, pour 125 millilitres of white vinegar into the bowl. Let sit 15 minutes. Flush. ( We use boiled vinegar, leave it in for a few hours, and then flush with soda to make it pH neutral)
To remove hard water deposits on your tub/glass shower doors, heat 250 millilitres of white vinegar in a pot. Spray onto surface. Let sit 15 minutes and wipe clean562.
We have soap dispensers filled with vinegar at all sinks. Ordinary white vinegar, which you can also put on your salad.
We also have small bottles of lavender563 essential oil564 at all sinks. To still have a nice scent, you can rub a drop of it in your hands after washing your hands with vinegar. Not just for the wonderful fragrance, but also because of the anti viral, anti microbial and anti-fungal properties of many essential oils.565
These are studies on the anti viral activity of essential oil mentioned Dr John Bergman’s talk om the Corona Virus:
Comparative Study
Phytother Res
.2010 May;24(5):673-9.
doi: 10.1002/ptr.2955.
Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils
Akram Astani Jürgen Reichling,Paul Schnitzler
This study from 2010 says:
Essential oils are complex natural mixtures, their main constituents, e.g. terpenes and phenylpropanoids, being responsible for their biological properties. Essential oils from eucalyptus, tea tree and thyme and their major monoterpene compounds alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, alpha-pinene, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, thymol, citral and 1,8-cineole were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. These essential oils were able to reduce viral infectivity by >96%, the monoterpenes inhibited HSV by about >80%. The mode of antiviral action has been determined, only moderate antiviral effects were revealed by essential oils and monoterpenes when these drugs were added to host cells prior to infection or after entry of HSV into cells. However, both essential oils and monoterpenes exhibited high anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles. All tested drugs interacted in a dose-dependent manner with herpesvirus particles thereby inactivating viral infection. Among the analysed compounds, monoterpene hydrocarbons were slightly superior to monoterpene alcohols in their antiviral activity, alpha-pinene and alpha-terpineol revealed the highest selectivity index. However, mixtures of different monoterpenes present in natural tea tree essential oil revealed a ten-fold higher selectivity index and a lower toxicity than its isolated single monoterpenes. 566
A study from March 2021 says:
“Essential oils and oleoresins have been shown through in vitro and in vivo experiments to induce antiviral effects against Coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. A study reported 221 phytochemical compounds and essential oils to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) using a cell-based assay measuring SARS-CoV-induced cytopathogenic effect on Vero E6 cells. The main mechanism of antiviral effects of essential oils has been found to cause capsid disintegration and viral expansion which prevents the virus to infect host cells by adsorption via the capsid. Essential oils also inhibit hemagglutinin (an important membrane protein of various viruses) of certain viruses; this membrane protein allows the virus to enter the host cell. Many essential oils and their components could inhibit the late stages of viral life cycle by targeting the redox signalling pathway. Essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, cymbopogon citratus and Rosmarinus officinalis have been found to destabilize the Tat/TAR-RNA complex of HIV-1 virus, this complex being essential for HIV-1 replication. Being lipophilic in nature, essential oils can penetrate viral membranes easily leading to membrane disintegration”. 567
These are the strongest anti viral essential oils:
Now anti viral does not mean you can use it straight on your skin, like Lavender568 and Eucalyptus globulus. Often you have to dilute them in a carrier oil like sweet almind oil or grapeseed oil, Some of these oils are are irritating for the skin no matter how much you dilute them so be very careful. Research before you use them. I will put an x after the irritating ones that you need to dilute and a double xx if they stay irritating , even if you dilute them. Those might be better to use as spices in tea rather than as essential oils:
Roman chamomile Cinnamon Bark xx Cinnamon Leaf xx Clove Bud xx Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus radiata Helichrysum italicuum Hyssop decumbens Laurel Lavender Lemon Lime, Steam-Distilled Manuka Myrrh Niaouli Oregano xx Palma Rosa Patchouli Pepper, Blackxx Peppermintx Ravensara (said by some to be effective against mononucleosis, herpes, shingles, flu, etc.) Sage, Dalmation Sandalwood Tea Tree Thuja (Cedarleaf) Thymes (I recommend Linalool) x True Melissa (against the herpes virus)
Another way to use the irritating oils anyway is just by putting the herb rather than the essential oil in vinegar.
One way you can do this is by combining it with the herb rotation schedule in the e4dc, and instead of throwing the herbs out after you made tea from them, put them in a pot with vinegar. Once the pot is full, you strain out the herbs and put the herb extract filled vinegar either in a soap dispenser if you want to use it for your hands, or in a vaporizer for cleaning. 570
The recipe for a powerful anti cold oil for on your throat and chest to relieve Covid-19 symptoms is: equal amounts of essential oil, one to seven drops depending on how much you want to make and strong you want to make it: peppermint, red thyme, benzoin, myrtle, manuka, eucalyptus globulus, peppermint arvensis, juniper, myrrh, hyssop, niaouli, tea tree, chamomile, helicrysum, kayput. Base oils, equal amounts (for example 100 ml each) Sweet Almond oil, grape seed oil and marigold macarate571.
To make a very powerful antiseptic and nice smelling anti septic hand wash, put some rose oil and ashwagandha in vinegar.
Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils.
“Essential oils are complex natural mixtures, their main constituents, e.g. terpenes and phenylpropanoids, being responsible for their biological properties. Essential oils from eucalyptus, tea tree and thyme and their majormonoterpene compounds alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, alpha-pinene, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, thymol, citral and 1,8-cineole were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. 573
These essential oils were able to reduce viral infectivity by >96%, the monoterpenes inhibited HSV by about >80%. The mode of antiviral action has been determined, only moderate antiviral effects were revealed by essential oils and monoterpenes when these drugs were added to host cells prior to infection or after entry of HSV into cells. However, both essential oils and monoterpenes exhibited high anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles. All tested drugs interacted in a dose-dependent manner with herpesvirus particles thereby inactivating viral infection. Among the analysed compounds, monoterpene hydrocarbons were slightly superior to monoterpene alcohols in their antiviral activity, alpha-pinene and alpha-terpineol revealed the highest selectivity index. However, mixtures of different monoterpenes present in natural tea tree essential oil revealed a ten-fold higher selectivity index and a lower toxicity than its isolated single monoterpenes.”574
For clean nails, dissolve some sodium bi carbonate in water and use that with a nail brush, for example each day in the shower, but you can also keep it by the sink.575
For more tips on how to keep the corona virus at bay naturally, see:
Presuns for beating Corona virus Covid-19 2019-nCoV naturally
Prebiotics are types of fiber that feed the friendly bacteria in the digestive system577.
Although all prebiotics are fiber, not all fiber is prebiotic. Classification of a food ingredient as a prebiotic requires scientific demonstration that the ingredient:
Resists gastric acidity, hydrolysis by mammalian enzymes, and absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract;
Is fermented by the intestinal microflora;
Selectively stimulates the growth and/or activity of intestinal bacteria potentially associated with health and well-being. 2
An important mechanism of action for dietary fiber and prebiotics is fermentation in the colon and changes in gut microflora. The human large intestine is one of the most diversely colonized and metabolically active organs in the human body.. Up to 1000 different species of bacteria reside in the colon with microbial populations comprising approximately 1011–1012 cfu/g of contents. 3
The colonic environment is favorable for bacterial growth due to its slow transit time, readily available nutrients, and favorable pH . 4
Generally, bacteria having an almost exclusive saccharolytic metabolism (i.e., no proteolytic activity) can be considered potentially beneficial. 5
Such a metabolic profile is typical for lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. 6
Mapping the diversity of and interactions among the human intestinal microflora has led to the initiation of the Human Gut Microbiome Initiative (HGMI) , an effort to identify this bacterial ecosystem.7
Together with the gut immune system, colonic and mucosal microflora contributes significantly to the barrier that prevents pathogenic bacteria from invading the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. 8
The intestinal flora salvages energy through fermentation of carbohydrates not digested in the upper gut. 9
The main substrates are endogenous (e.g., mucus) and dietary carbohydrates that escape digestion in the upper GI tract. These include resistant starch, non-starch polysaccharides (e.g., celluloses, hemicelluloses, pectins, and gums), non-digestible oligosaccharides, and sugar alcohols. 10
The main fermentation pathway generates pyruvate from hexoses in the undigested carbohydrate. Colonic bacteria use a range of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes to produce hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, SCFAs (mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate), and lactate. 11
Certain colonic bacteria generate energy from these fermentation products. Dietary components that stimulate fermentation lead to an increase in bacterial mass and consequently fecal mass and, thus have a stool bulking effect. It is estimated that about 30 g of bacteria are produced for every 100 g of carbohydrate that is fermented.12
Prebiotics occur naturally in leeks, asparagus, chicory, Jerusalem artichokes, garlic, onions, wheat and oats.13
Lemon peel16 is an excellent prebiotic to combat Covid-19, with added benefit of having hespiridin17.
Clean thoroughly though, also to make sure there are no pesticides on there.18
Chocolate or cocoa is considered a prebiotic that is rich, among other chemicals, in polyphenols (Redovniković et al., 2009). These polyphenols are flavonoids in which procyanidins, like catechin and epicatechin oligomers, constitute the majority of the proanthocyanidin member in this class.19
With happiness I mean the foundation of spiritual, emotional and physical well being to boost the levels of dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, endorphin needed for optimum immune function697.
Often this alone is enough to prevent and overcome disease, and it is also why you would want to.
Goal achievement. When we achieve one of our goals, our brain releases dopamine. The brain finds this dopamine rush very rewarding. It seeks out more dopamine by working toward another goal.Larger goals typically come with increased dopamine. However, it’s best to start with small goals to improve your chances of success. Short-term goals can add up to achieve a long-term goal (and a bigger reward). This pattern keeps a steady release of dopamine in your brain700. I like the zoom in-zoom out method. When you are overwhelmed, zoom in, until you can handel it again. When you are bored, zoom out to the larger goals, until you can see each otherwise boring activity as a step in the direction of th larger goal and get excited again. We need to always stay in gear and be intentional in our wishes, prayers, thoughts, words and deeds in order not to regress to subconscious negative patterns that don’t serve anything or anyone.
Spending time in nature, Even as little as 5 minutes a day boosts dopamine levels702.
When prayer elicits feelings of love and compassion, there is a release of d dopamine703.
Novelty: The brain reacts to novel experiences by releasing dopamine. You can naturally increase your dopamine by seeking out new experiences. Any kind of experience will work. You can do something simple like a new hobby or recipe. Or you can try something grand like skydiving. The less familiar you are with the activity, the more likely your brain will reward you with dopamine704.
Beauty, regardless of the sense with which it is perceived, also gives a dopamine rush705. So keep your environment clean and beautiful and surround yourself with beauty, nice music, beautiful art, nature, in order to keep your dopamine levels up.
Foods containing tyrosine, phenylalanine and L-dopa
Adults should consume tyrosine and phenylalanine combined in an amount equal to 14 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day. The two substances are combined because they work together in your body708.
Both tyrosine and phenylalanine are naturally found in protein-rich foods such as
Phenylalanine containing foods: (RDA 12.5mg per kg . As such, a person weighing 70kg (~154 pounds) should consume around 875mg of phenylalanine per day) 715
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that mediates satisfaction, happiness and optimism. Serotonin levels are reduced in depression, and most modern anti-depressant drugs, known as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), act by increasing the amount of serotonin available to brain cells719.Serotonin mediates many complex processes in the brain. It’s perhaps best known for its role in regulating mood. It’s also thought to help regulate several life-sustaining functions, such as breathing 720 Serotonin is one of the most important neurotransmitters involved in emotional regulation721, which affect decision-making722. Serotonin has to do with the sleep-wake cycle and motor activity723, Serotonin enhances our mood, (think anti-depressant), our willpower, and motivation724. Serotonin can lower hostility and symptoms of depression. It also encourages agreeableness725. Serotonin has an important role in wound healing in the context of burn injuries. Serotonin promoted cellular viability, proliferation and migration of both fibroblasts and neonatal keratinocytes (in vitro), whereas inhibition of the 5HTR2A receptor by ketanserin resulted in opposite effects 726.In the central nervoussystem (CNS), serotonin is almost exclusively produced in neurons originating in the raphe nuclei located in the midline of the brainstem. These serotonin-producing neurons form the largest and most complex efferent system in the human brain727. Serotonin (5HT) has significant effects on renal metabolism and glomerular function and is a potent renal vasoconstrictor. The enzymatic activity for the synthesis of serotonin in the kidney is comparable to that in the brain, with the complete pathway localized to renal cortical proximal tubules728. It can be linked to mind.
Serotonin is an endogenous biogenic amine which, like histamine, has potent effects on small blood vessels and on smooth muscles. 729
Behaviors that boost serotonin levels are:
Regular exercise for at least 30 minutes each day improves one’s overall mood. Research has revealed that long-term cardiovascular exercise boosts serotonin levels in the brain.
As is the case with dopamine levels, spending time in nature boosts serotonin levels as well. , Even as little as 5 minutes a day boosts serotonin levels. The amount of time spent in sunlight correlates with serotonin and dopamine synthesis. Even a brief walk in the park can improve your well-being. 730.
Omega-3-ALA boosts serotonin levels. It helps serotonin trigger nerve cell receptors, making transport easier. Many studies have shown that omega-3s help reduce depressive symptoms738.
Omega-3-ALA Food Sources739: Flax seeds, Hemp seeds, Chia seeds, Walnuts, Black- and White Mustard seeds
Be sure to balance it with Omega-6-LA. See Chapter 7.2.
having some tryptophan in your diet is important. If you don’t have enough, your serotonin levels will drop. If you need more tryptophan, you can get it by eating starchy foods like whole wheat bread, potatoes, and corn740.
RDA Tryptophan:
While typical intake for many individuals is approximately 900 to 1000 mg daily, the recommended daily allowance for adults is estimated to be between 250 mg/day5,12,13 and 425 mg/day,4,14,15 which translates to a dietary intake of 3.5 to 6.0 mg/kg of body weight
*e.g. The recommended daily allowance for a 79 kg (175 lb) adult is 278 to 476 mg.
**CAAs = Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Valine, the five large neutral amino acids typically included in the tryptophan/CAA ratio741.
Coffee increases your serotonin and dopamine levels for as long as you take it. Once you stop drinking coffee, you will go into withdrawal. Your brain, used to the high levels of neurotransmitters, will act as if there is a deficiency. It can take up to 12 days of caffeine-free diet for the brain to return to its normal state. Omega-3-ALA,on the other hand, causes a rise in serotonin levels without any withdrawal743.
Nitric oxide increases dopamine and serotonin release in the medial preoptic area744
Nitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide level increasing foods: L-Argenine,
Nitrate745 in vegetables produce Nitric Oxide, which increases Serotonin and Dopamine levels
Nitrate, a compound found in certain vegetables, is one of the many reasons vegetables are healthy for you.
Vegetables high in nitrate include
Celery
Cress
Chervil
Lettuce
Beetroot
Spinach
Arugula
When these foods are consumed, nitrates are converted into nitric oxide, which confers a wide range of health benefits related to heart health and exercise performance.
In fact, several analyses have shown that eating nitrate-rich vegetables can lower blood pressure as much as some blood pressure medications .
Strong evidence favors nitrates, especially from beetroot, for improving exercise performance in athletes .
Despite the effects that nitrates have on nitric oxide production in your body, some people avoid them for fear they are harmful and contribute to cancer.
This is likely because sodium nitrates are commonly used as a preservative and color fixative in bacon, cold cuts and hot dogs.
Eating these foods is linked to bowel cancer, and nitrates are thought to be the culprit (10Trusted Source, 11Trusted Source).
Nitrates can form N-nitroso compounds, such as nitrosamine, which are capable of causing cancer.
However, vegetables, which account for more than 80 percent of nitrate intake, contain antioxidants like vitamin C, which help prevent the formation of N-nitroso compounds.
Therefore, nitrates from vegetables are harmless, whereas nitrates in processed meats can be troublesome to health, particularly when consumed in excess over long periods.
Despite the effects that nitrates have on nitric oxide production in your body, some people avoid them for fear they are harmful and contribute to cancer.
This is likely because sodium nitrates are commonly used as a preservative and color fixative in bacon, cold cuts and hot dogs.
Eating these foods is linked to bowel cancer, and nitrates are thought to be the culprit.
Nitrates can form N-nitroso compounds, such as nitrosamine, which are capable of causing cancer.
However, vegetables, which account for more than 80 percent of nitrate intake, contain antioxidants like vitamin C, which help prevent the formation of N-nitroso compounds.
Therefore, nitrates from vegetables are harmless, whereas nitrates in processed meats can be troublesome to health, particularly when consumed in excess over long periods .746
Increase Your Intake of Antioxidants
Nitric oxide is an unstable molecule that degrades quickly in the bloodstream, so it must be constantly replenished (14).
One way to increase its stability and limit its breakdown is by consuming antioxidants.
Antioxidants are molecules that neutralize free radicals, which contribute to the short life of nitric oxide
These antioxidants are found in all foods but primarily those of plant origin, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and grains.
A few important antioxidants include:
Vitamin C: This antioxidant helps your body form connective tissues, including skin, bones, tendons and cartilage. It also produces brain chemicals that help nerve cells communicate Take it along with all the nutriente in the Vitamin C clusterfor optimal absorption. See 7.5.1.
Vitamin E: This antioxidant protects cells from the damaging effects of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and disease. It also plays an important role in fertility and keeping the immune system strong. Never insupplenments, only natural sources, I can’t stress this enough747
Polyphenols: This category of antioxidants is associated with several health benefits, including a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease.748
Glutathione749: Coined “the mother of all antioxidants,” glutathione is the master antioxidant and detoxifier of every cell in your body. Your body synthesizes glutathione itself. Sulfur is important for producing glutathione. Therefore, make sure you’re eating sulfur-rich proteins. See chapter 6 to see what they are. Vitamin C is also important for glutathione production. See chapter 7.5.1 to see how to get that naturally. Selenium is also important for glutathione prodution. 750 Not too much though, or your hair will fall out.
Several studies have found that ingesting nitric oxide precursors, such as nitrate or citrulline, with antioxidants maintains greater levels of nitric oxide in your body by helping reduce its breakdown.
Vegetables that are high in nitrate are also inherently high in antioxidants, which is likely why vegetables are so effective at increasing and maintaining optimal levels of nitric oxide . Antioxidants help decrease the breakdown and extend the life of nitric oxide in your body.751
Special bacteria in the mouth convert nitrate to nitric oxide. In fact, humans cannot produce nitric oxide from nitrate without these bacteria 752
The salivary glands and oral bacteria play an essential role in the conversion process from nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) to nitric oxide (NO) in the human body. NO is, at present, recognized as a multifarious messenger molecule with important vascular and metabolic functions. Besides the endogenous L-arginine pathway, which is catalyzed by complex NO synthases, nitrate in food contributes to the main extrinsic generation of NO through a series of sequential steps (NO3–NO2–NO pathway). Up to 25% of nitrate in circulation is actively taken up by the salivary glands, and as a result, its concentration in saliva can increase 10- to 20-fold. However, the mechanism has not been clearly illustrated until recently, when sialin was identified as an electrogenic 2NO3-/H+ transporter in the plasma membrane of salivary acinar cells. Subsequently, the oral bacterial species located at the posterior part of the tongue reduce nitrate to nitrite, as catalyzed by nitrate reductase enzymes. These bacteria use nitrate and nitrite as final electron acceptors in their respiration and meanwhile help the host to convert nitrate to NO as the first step.753
Anti-bacterial mouthwash destroys bacteria in your mouth that can contribute to the growth of cavities and other dental diseases.
Unfortunately, anti-bacterial mouthwash kills all types of bacteria, including the beneficial ones that help produce nitric oxide.
Research has shown that anti-bacterial mouthwash kills the oral bacteria needed to produce nitric oxide for up to 12 hours.
This leads to a decrease in nitric oxide production and, in some instances, an increase in blood pressure.
The detrimental effects of anti-bacterial mouthwash on nitric oxide production may even contribute to the development of diabetes, which is characterized by malfunctions in insulin production or action.
This is because nitric oxide also regulates insulin, which helps cells utilize the energy obtained from food after it’s digested. Without nitric oxide, insulin cannot work properly.
One study found that people who used mouthwash at least twice daily were 65% more likely to develop diabetes than those who never use an anti-bacterial mouthwash.754,
This is what the study says:
Recent studies surprisingly show that dietary inorganic nitrate, abundant in vegetables, can be metabolized in vivo to form nitrite and then bioactive nitric oxide. A reduction in blood pressure was recently noted in healthy volunteers after dietary supplementation with nitrate; an effect consistent with formation of vasodilatory nitric oxide. Oral bacteria have been suggested to play a role in bioactivation of nitrate by first reducing it to the more reactive anion nitrite. In a cross-over designed study in seven healthy volunteers we examined the effects of a commercially available chlorhexidine-containing antibacterial mouthwash on salivary and plasma levels of nitrite measured after an oral intake of sodium nitrate (10mg/kg dissolved in water). In the control situation the salivary and plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite increased greatly after the nitrate load. Rinsing the mouth with the antibacterial mouthwash prior to the nitrate load had no effect on nitrate accumulation in saliva or plasma but abolished its conversion to nitrite in saliva and markedly attenuated the rise in plasma nitrite. We conclude that the acute increase in plasma nitrite seen after a nitrate load is critically dependent on nitrate reduction in the oral cavity by commensal bacteria. The removal of these bacteria with an antibacterial mouthwash will very likely attenuate the NO-dependent biological effects of dietary nitrate.755
Therefore, to maintain adequate nitric oxide production, use mouthwash that kills pathogens but not friendly bacteria, .756
L-arginine is a conditional essential amino acid, meaning it only has to be consumed in the diet under certain conditions. Normally our bodies make all it needs.
It directly produces nitric oxide through a process called the L-arginine-NO pathway.
Several studies support the use of L-arginine for increasing blood flow in case of high blood pressure, and during pregnant women, L-arginine is effective at lowering blood pressure
However, evidence on the ability of L-arginine to improve blood flow or exercise performance in healthy individuals remains mixed.
L-arginine is generally recognized as safe when taking 20 grams per day, but it may cause digestive symptoms at dosages as low as 10 grams 758
Foods that contain more arginine than lysine are chocolate, carob, coconut, oats, whole wheat, white flour, peanuts and wheat germ.
L-citrulline is a dispensable amino acid, meaning your body can make all it needs.
When L-arginine is converted to nitric oxide, L-citrulline is produced as a byproduct.
L-citrulline can then be recycled back to L-arginine and used to increase your body’s natural production of nitric oxide.
In fact, L-citrulline increases levels of L-arginine in your body more than supplementing with L-arginine itself does. This is because a large percentage of L-arginine is broken down before reaching your bloodstream (35Trusted Source).
Studies have found L-citrulline to increase blood flow, improve exercise performance and lower blood pressure
L-citrulline is considered relatively safe, and there is a low risk of side effects, even with high doses 759
Some of the best sources of citrulline from food include:
Oxytocin is a nonapeptide originally known to stimulate labour and milk ejection.. Oxytocin can induce anti-stress-like effects such as reduction of blood pressure and cortisol levels. It increases pain thresholds, exerts an anxiolytic-like effect and stimulates various types of positive social interaction. In addition, it promotes growth and healing. Repeated exposure to oxytocin causes long-lasting effects by influencing the activity of other transmitter systems, a pattern which makes oxytocin potentially clinically relevant. Oxytocin can be released by various types of non-noxious sensory stimulation, for example by touch and warmth. Ingestion of food triggers oxytocin release by activation of vagal afferents. Most likely, oxytocin can also be released by stimulation of other senses such as olfaction, as well as by certain types of sound and light. In addition, purely psychological mechanisms may trigger the release of oxytocin. This means that positive interaction involving touch and psychological support may be health-promoting. The social interaction of daily life, as well as a positive environment, continuously activate this system. In addition, various types of psychotherapy involving transfer of support, warmth and empathy are likely to induce similar effects, which thus contribute to the positive effects of these kinds of therapies764. Recent studies have shown that oxytocin suppresses inhibitory neurons (which reduce neural activity), thereby allowing excitatory cells to respond more strongly and reliably. As a result of improved signal transmission, oxytocin appears to overall enhance the brain’s response to socially relevant stimuli765. Oxytocin also prevents weight gain. 766
Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus and is secreted into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland. Secretion depends on electrical activity of neurons in the hypothalamus – it is released into the blood when these cells are excited767.
Oxytocin is activated by touch, for example in a consensual hug. Hugging and other forms of nonsexual touching cause your brain to release oxytocin, known as the “bonding hormone”. This stimulates the release of other feel-good hormones, such as dopamine and serotonin, while reducing stress hormones, such as cortisol and norepinephrine769. Oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior pituitary gland770.A high density of oxytocin receptors are present in the ventromedial hypothalamus (Bale and Dorsa, 1995). Oxytocin receptors are also present in peripheral tissues such as the ovary, testis, and adrenals as well as the uterus, mammary gland, liver, and fat cells771. People who release more oxytocin are happier and have better relations of every kind. Oxytoscn is a measure of empathy, and empathy makes us moral. 5% of people do not release oxytocin. Often because of childhood neglect or abuse772. Oxytocin can be linked to heart..
Behaviors that can release oxytocin in the brain are773:
Vitamin C from organic food sources like kiwi guava and rosehips783 Make sure to eat them in the right combination for optimal absorption784.
Alpha Linolenic Acid doesn’t make oxytocin, but it facilitates the transfer of neurological signals. For that to happen efficiently, the recommendation is 1.6 grams of Alpha Linolenic Acid a day for men and 1 gram of Alpha Linolenic Acid a day for women. That needs to be balanced with Linoleic Acid. To see how you can easily do that look here785.
Magnesium improves Oxytocin Receptor Function
These were the magnesium rich foods mentioned in 7.5.2.d.
Dark chocolate798Cacao. Cacao stimulates the release of endorphins799, as well the happy chemical serotonin, and the bliss chemicals Phenylethylamine (PEA) and anandamide for a naturally positive outlook.800
High carbohydrate/high fat foods stimulate the release of endorphins. 802
Vitamin C. Ascorbic Acid supports the synthesis of serotonin, modulates synaptic dopamine and glutamate, and may also enhance the synthesis of endomorphins and endorphins.803 For Vitamin C rich foods and what tocombine them with foroptimal absorption, see chapter 7.5.1.
A study that proved that a healthy life style heightens endorphin levels.
A brief high-impact multidimensional rehabilitation program (b-HIPE) was proposed for a sample of people with MS (pwMS) with a medium level of disease disability.
The B-HIPE program is a multidimensional rehabilitation program focused on the change of bad habits in PwMS.
Several activities are integrated:
(a).
Neuromotor rehabilitation.
(b).
Recommended diet based on the Mediterranean diet principles: fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grain products, legumes, nuts and seeds, fish, eggs, and a small amount of poultry and dairy products. Red meat, processed meat, and alcoholic and sweet drinks are excluded.
(c).
Sailing course designed to accommodate disabled sailors.
(d).
Mindfulness with participation extended to all staff members.
The researchers measured beta-endorphin and catecholamines concentrations pre- and post-participation in the b-HIPE program, due to the relationship between these hormones and the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases.
Their results showed that after the b-HIPE program, an improvement of clinical parameters and QoL occurred.
Moreover, they found higher levels of beta-endorphin and noradrenaline after participation in the program.
These findings highlight the importance of implementing lifestyle interventions in the clinical management of MS.
Furthermore, they hypothesize that the B-HIPE program increased beta-endorphin and noradrenaline levels, helping to reduce the inflammation related to MS disease. 808
Natural Anti depressants
Ginseng
Panax Ginseng prevents depression by mitigating excessive cortisol secretion809
The name “ginseng” refers to both American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian or Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), which are made up of similar chemicals. Siberian ginseng, or Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus), is a completely different plant and does not have the same active ingredients. 811
And when you think of combining, also remember the substances that come back again and again as nutrient uptake enhancers: Olive oil, Vinegar, Sodium, Omega-3-ALA, Pepper.
Pepper for, for Pepperine, which is very important fir immunity, and which also helps absorb the Curcumin in Turmeric better. 837
See the salad dressing taking form? So there you see the wisdom in traditional recipe’s, Oil, vinegar , salt and pepper help you absorb the nutrients in salads much better.
Then I like to add some yoghurt or kefir as a probiotic, see Chapter 7.9.Probiotics841Kefirfor the gut and respecting the skin\ s microbiome when cleaning hands
Yoghurt has Cysteine as well. See Chapter 5.4.8.Cysteine , And Iodine (see Chapter 7.5.1.c. Iodine)
And Yoghurt has Potassium (See Chapter 7.5.1.d. Potassium)
Yoghurt also has Vitamin B5 ( See Chapter 7.5.2.b. Vitamin B5 for Co Enszyme A for cholesterol )
Yoghurt has Magnesium . See Chapter 7.5.2.d. Magnesium
Lysine Food Sources844: Chiorella, Spirulina, Parmesan Cheese, Pumpkin Seeds, Pistachio’s, Sunflowerseeds, Red Bell Peppers, Green bell Peppers, Leeks, Quinoa, Amaranth, Buckwheat, Red Kidney beans, Chick Peas, Sesame seeds, Lentils. For the Lysine collage , see Chapter 7.5.2.f.Lysine
Phytase , which is in seaweed, breaks down Phytic acid and helps iron and magnesium to be absorbed better. Phytic acid is also countered by Vitamin C rich foods and vinegar.
Phytase Food Sources845: Kombu kelp, Wakame, Nori, are also excellent iodine sources.
Folate needs Vitamin C to be synthesized properly, and Vitamin C also helps with the absorption of iron and
Folate food sources846are Chickpeas, Peanuts, Raw organic Sunflowerseeds, Cranberry Beans, Raw Spinach, Lentils, Roman Beans, Raw Broccoli, Pinto Beans Asparagus, Cooked Spinach, Lettuce, Kidney Beans, Avocado, Cooked Broccoli and Green Peas, For the Folate Collage, see Chapter 7.5.1.g. Folate
Omega-3-ALA with Himalayan salt for the sulfur and potassium to fight cancer, and of course in the right balance with with Omega-6-LA during the first meal of the day, after which you can eat as much unadulterated Omega 6 as you wish. Dor the best sources, see Chapter 7.2. Linoleic-Acid and alpha-Linolenic-Acid
Take all vitamins and minerals through organic foods along with their clusters.
Chapter 7.5.D. Vitamin D Cluster: 1.Vitamin D through Sunlight, 2. Vitamin B5 for Co Enszyme A for cholesterol , 3. Calcium, 4. Magnesium, 5. Vitamin K2, 6.Lysine. 7.Phosphorus 8.Sulfur 9.Zinc
Its made easy for you with the collages which you can use as a guide to make sure you get all the nutrients in the right combinations for optimal absorption.
bDepartment of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
cDepartment of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
dDepartment of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India
eDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
fDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
gDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
bDepartment of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
cDepartment of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
dDepartment of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India
eDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
fDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
gDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
13Artemisia Annua is the herb Ivermectin is made from. It is more potent than Ivermectin. Read here what ivermectin does:Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug, PMC, January 2021, Tang M, Hu X, Wang Y, Yao X, Zhang W, Yu C, Cheng F, Li J, Fang Q. Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug. Pharmacol Res. 2021 Jan;163:105207. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105207 Epub 2020 Sep 21. PMID: 32971268 PMCID: PMC7505114, Mingyang Tang,a,b,1 Xiaodong Hu,c,1 Yi Wang,a,d Xin Yao,a,d Wei Zhang,a,b Chenying Yu,a,b Fuying Cheng,a,b Jiangyan Li,a,d and Qiang Fanga,d,e,* aAnhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, China
bClinical Medical Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, China
cDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, China
dDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, China
eSchool of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, China
⁎Corresponding author at: Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, China.
15Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…,PMC, December 22, 2020, AMABousquet J, Czarlewski W, Zuberbier T, et al. Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2021;182(6):489-495. doi:10.1159/000513538MLABousquet, Jean et al. “Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only….” International archives of allergy and immunology vol. 182,6 (2021): 489-495. doi:10.1159/000513538APABousquet, J., Czarlewski, W., Zuberbier, T., Mullol, J., Blain, H., Cristol, J. P., De La Torre, R., Le Moing, V., Pizarro Lozano, N., Bedbrook, A., Agache, I., Akdis, C. A., Canonica, G. W., Cruz, A. A., Fiocchi, A., Fonseca, J. A., Fonseca, S., Gemicioğlu, B., Haahtela, T., Iaccarino, G., … Anto, J. M. (2021). Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…. International archives of allergy and immunology, 182(6), 489–495. https://doi.org/10.1159/000513538NLMBousquet J, Czarlewski W, Zuberbier T, Mullol J, Blain H, Cristol JP, De La Torre R, Le Moing V, Pizarro Lozano N, Bedbrook A, Agache I, Akdis CA, Canonica GW, Cruz AA, Fiocchi A, Fonseca JA, Fonseca S, Gemicioğlu B, Haahtela T, Iaccarino G, Ivancevich JC, Jutel M, Klimek L, Kuna P, Larenas-Linnemann DE, Melén E, Okamoto Y, Papadopoulos NG, Pfaar O, Reynes J, Rolland Y, Rouadi PW, Samolinski B, Sheikh A, Toppila-Salmi S, Valiulis A, Choi HJ, Kim HJ, Anto JM. Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2021;182(6):489-495. doi: 10.1159/000513538. Epub 2020 Dec 22. PMID: 33352565; PMCID: PMC7900475.aDepartment of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Berlin, Germany
AInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs’ Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
bUniversity hospital and MACVIA France, Montpellier, France
BDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
cMedical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois, France
CDivision of Infection, Allergy Department, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
dMASK-air, Montpellier, France
D2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens General Children’s Hospital “P&A Kyriakou,” University of Athens, Athens, Greece
eRhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic-Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
EDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
fDepartment of Geriatrics, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
FService de Gerontologie-CHU, Toulouse, France
gLaboratoire de Biochimie et Hormonologie, PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
GDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
hCIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
HDepartment of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
iIMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
IThe Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
jUniversitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
JVilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine & Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
kMaladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU, Montpellier, France
KMicrobiology and Functionality Research Group, Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
lFaculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
LSME Service Department, Strategy and Planning Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
mSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich-Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
MCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
nDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
NISGlobAL, Barcelona, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
oFundação ProAR, Federal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning Group, Salvador, Brazil
OAutonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
pDivision of Allergy, Department of Pediatric Medicine-The Bambino Gesù Children’s Research Hospital Holy see, Rome, Italy
PInterdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions CIRIAPA, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
qCINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal and MEDIDA, Lda, Porto, Portugal
rGreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
sDepartment of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
tSkin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
uDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
vServicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
wDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wrocław, Poland
xCenter for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
yDivision of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
zCenter of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
*Jean Bousquet, Department of Allergology, Macvia France, 273 avenue d’Occitanie, FR–34090 Montpellier (France), rf.egnaro@teuqsuob.naej
16Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and spike receptor from 10 important spices through structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamic study, PubMed, September 18, 2020, Sen D, Debnath P, Debnath B, Bhaumik S, Debnath S. Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and spike receptor from 10 important spices through structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamic study. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2022 Feb;40(2):941-962. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1819883. Epub 2020 Sep 18. PMID: 32948116; PMCID: PMC7544938. , Debanjan Sen1, Pradip Debnath2, Bimal Debnath3, Samhita Bhaumik4, Sudhan Debnath2 ,BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Agartala, Tripura, India.
Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India.
Department of Chemistry, Women’s College, Agartala, Tripura, India.
17Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against COVID-19: The role of antiviral medicinal metabolites,PMC, December 11, 2020, Khan T, Khan MA, Mashwani ZU, Ullah N, Nadhman A. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against COVID-19: The role of antiviral medicinal metabolites. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2021 Jan;31:101890. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101890. Epub 2020 Dec 11. PMID: 33520034; PMCID: PMC7831775. Tariq Khan, PhD,a Mubarak Ali Khan,b,∗ Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani,c Nazif Ullah,b and Akhtar Nadhmand , aDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan
bDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23390, Pakistan
cDepartment of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
dDepartment of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar, Pakistan
18Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Volatile Oils: Fennel and Cumin Inhibit Neutrophilic Inflammation via Regulating Calcium and MAPKs, PMC,October 12, 2021, Korinek M, Handoussa H, Tsai YH, Chen YY, Chen MH, Chiou ZW, Fang Y, Chang FR, Yen CH, Hsieh CF, Chen BH, El-Shazly M, Hwang TL. Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Volatile Oils: Fennel and Cumin Inhibit Neutrophilic Inflammation via Regulating Calcium and MAPKs. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Oct 11;12:674095. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.674095. PMID: 34707494; PMCID: PMC8545060.,Michal Korinek, 1 , 2 , 3 Heba Handoussa, 4 ,* Yi-Hong Tsai, 1 You-Ying Chen, 5 Meng-Hua Chen, 2 Zan-Wei Chiou, 2 Yu Fang, 2 Fang-Rong Chang, 1 Chia-Hung Yen, 1 Chung-Fan Hsieh, 6 Bing-Hung Chen, 3 Mohamed El-Shazly, 4 , 7 ,* and Tsong-Long Hwang 2 , 8 , 9 , 1 , 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
2 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,
3 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt,
5 Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
6 The Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,
7 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt,
8 Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan,
9 Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,
10 Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan,
19The effects of combination of Zingiber officinale and Echinacea on alleviation of clinical symptoms and hospitalization rate of suspected COVID-19 outpatients: a randomized controlled trial,PubMed, March 31, 2021, Mesri M, Esmaeili Saber SS, Godazi M, Roustaei Shirdel A, Montazer R, Koohestani HR, Baghcheghi N, Karimy M, Azizi N. The effects of combination of Zingiber officinale and Echinacea on alleviation of clinical symptoms and hospitalization rate of suspected COVID-19 outpatients: a randomized controlled trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2021 Mar 31;18(4):775-781. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0283. PMID: 33787192.Mehdi Mesri 1, Seied Saeid Esmaeili Saber 1, Mohammadreza Godazi 1, Aboulfazl Roustaei Shirdel 1, Reza Montazer 1, Hamid Reza Koohestani 1, Nayereh Baghcheghi 1, Mahmood Karimy 1, Nemat Azizi 1,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33787192/
20Effects of curcumin-piperine co-supplementation on clinical signs, duration, severity, and inflammatory factors in patients with COVID-19: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial,PubMed, December 17, 2020, Miryan M, Bagherniya M, Sahebkar A, Soleimani D, Rouhani MH, Iraj B, Askari G. Effects of curcumin-piperine co-supplementation on clinical signs, duration, severity, and inflammatory factors in patients with COVID-19: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2020 Dec 17;21(1):1027. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04924-9. PMID: 33334357; PMCID: PMC7745196. Mahsa Miryan12, Mohammad Bagherniya345, Amirhossein Sahebkar678, Davood Soleimani9, Mohammad Hossein Rouhani35, Bijan Iraj10, Gholamreza Askari111213 , Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. askari@mui.ac.ir.
Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. askari@mui.ac.ir.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. askari@mui.ac.ir.
21Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…,PMC, December 22, 2020, AMABousquet J, Czarlewski W, Zuberbier T, et al. Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2021;182(6):489-495. doi:10.1159/000513538MLABousquet, Jean et al. “Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only….” International archives of allergy and immunology vol. 182,6 (2021): 489-495. doi:10.1159/000513538APABousquet, J., Czarlewski, W., Zuberbier, T., Mullol, J., Blain, H., Cristol, J. P., De La Torre, R., Le Moing, V., Pizarro Lozano, N., Bedbrook, A., Agache, I., Akdis, C. A., Canonica, G. W., Cruz, A. A., Fiocchi, A., Fonseca, J. A., Fonseca, S., Gemicioğlu, B., Haahtela, T., Iaccarino, G., … Anto, J. M. (2021). Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…. International archives of allergy and immunology, 182(6), 489–495. https://doi.org/10.1159/000513538NLMBousquet J, Czarlewski W, Zuberbier T, Mullol J, Blain H, Cristol JP, De La Torre R, Le Moing V, Pizarro Lozano N, Bedbrook A, Agache I, Akdis CA, Canonica GW, Cruz AA, Fiocchi A, Fonseca JA, Fonseca S, Gemicioğlu B, Haahtela T, Iaccarino G, Ivancevich JC, Jutel M, Klimek L, Kuna P, Larenas-Linnemann DE, Melén E, Okamoto Y, Papadopoulos NG, Pfaar O, Reynes J, Rolland Y, Rouadi PW, Samolinski B, Sheikh A, Toppila-Salmi S, Valiulis A, Choi HJ, Kim HJ, Anto JM. Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2021;182(6):489-495. doi: 10.1159/000513538. Epub 2020 Dec 22. PMID: 33352565; PMCID: PMC7900475.aDepartment of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Berlin, Germany
AInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs’ Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
bUniversity hospital and MACVIA France, Montpellier, France
BDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
cMedical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois, France
CDivision of Infection, Allergy Department, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
dMASK-air, Montpellier, France
D2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens General Children’s Hospital “P&A Kyriakou,” University of Athens, Athens, Greece
eRhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic-Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
EDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
fDepartment of Geriatrics, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
FService de Gerontologie-CHU, Toulouse, France
gLaboratoire de Biochimie et Hormonologie, PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
GDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
hCIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
HDepartment of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
iIMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
IThe Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
jUniversitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
JVilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine & Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
kMaladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU, Montpellier, France
KMicrobiology and Functionality Research Group, Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
lFaculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
LSME Service Department, Strategy and Planning Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
mSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich-Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
MCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
nDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
NISGlobAL, Barcelona, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
oFundação ProAR, Federal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning Group, Salvador, Brazil
OAutonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
pDivision of Allergy, Department of Pediatric Medicine-The Bambino Gesù Children’s Research Hospital Holy see, Rome, Italy
PInterdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions CIRIAPA, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
qCINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal and MEDIDA, Lda, Porto, Portugal
rGreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
sDepartment of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
tSkin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
uDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
vServicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
wDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wrocław, Poland
xCenter for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
yDivision of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
zCenter of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
*Jean Bousquet, Department of Allergology, Macvia France, 273 avenue d’Occitanie, FR–34090 Montpellier (France), rf.egnaro@teuqsuob.naej
24Identification of Main Protease of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (M pro) Inhibitors from Melissa officinalis,PubMed, 2021, Elekofehinti OO, Iwaloye O, Famusiwa CD, Akinseye O, Rocha JBT. Identification of Main Protease of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) Inhibitors from Melissa officinalis. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2021;18(5):e17092020186048. doi: 10.2174/1570163817999200918103705. PMID: 32957889.Olusola O Elekofehinti1, Opeyemi Iwaloye1, Courage D Famusiwa1, Olanrewaju Akinseye1, Joao B T Rocha2 Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria.
Biochemical Toxicology Unit, Department of Chemistry, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Nair MS, Huang Y, Fidock DA, Towler MJ, Weathers PJ. Artemisia annua L. hot-water extracts show potent activity in vitro against Covid-19 variants including delta. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Feb 10;284:114797.
26In Vitro Effect of Taraxacum officinale Leaf Aqueous Extract on the Interaction between ACE2 Cell Surface Receptor and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein D614 and Four Mutants, PubMed, November 26, 2020,Tran HTT, Gigl M, Le NPK, Dawid C, Lamy E. In Vitro Effect of Taraxacum officinale Leaf Aqueous Extract on the Interaction between ACE2 Cell Surface Receptor and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein D614 and Four Mutants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Oct 17;14(10):1055. doi: 10.3390/ph14101055. PMID: 34681279; PMCID: PMC8538008,Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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2Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; ti.aninu@olleivor.anitnelav
29Licorice: A Potential Herb in Overcoming SARS-CoV-2 Infections, PubMed, January-December 2021, Ng SL, Khaw KY, Ong YS, Goh HP, Kifli N, Teh SP, Ming LC, Kotra V, Goh BH. Licorice: A Potential Herb in Overcoming SARS-CoV-2 Infections. J Evid Based Integr Med. 2021 Jan-Dec;26:2515690X21996662. doi: 10.1177/2515690X21996662
31Plant lectins are potent inhibitors of coronaviruses by interfering with two targets in the viral replication cycle,PMC, March 30,2007, Keyaerts E, Vijgen L, Pannecouque C, Van Damme E, Peumans W, Egberink H, Balzarini J, Van Ranst M. Plant lectins are potent inhibitors of coronaviruses by interfering with two targets in the viral replication cycle. Antiviral Res. 2007 Sep;75(3):179-87. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.03.003. Epub 2007 Mar 30. PMID: 17428553; PMCID: PMC7114093.Els Keyaerts,a Leen Vijgen,a Christophe Pannecouque,b Els Van Damme,c Willy Peumans,c Herman Egberink,d Jan Balzarini,b,⁎ and Marc Van Ransta,⁎⁎aLaboratory of Clinical & Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
bLaboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
cDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gent, Belgium
dDepartment of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Jan Balzarini: eb.nevueluk.ager@inirazlab.naj; Marc Van Ranst: eb.ca.nevueluk.zu@tsnarnav.cram
⁎⁎Corresponding author at: Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Tel.: +32 16 347908; fax: +32 16 347900. eb.ca.nevueluk.zu@tsnarnav.cramhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114093/
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2Research and Development, Zum Heilen Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pvt. Ltd, Science and Technology Park, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune University Road, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35320494/
34Graphs and tables from the Hesperidin study: This graphic depiction of how hespiridin deactivates SARS-CoV 2 is clearer than those in PubMed,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/ and also copyright free. Antioxidants, EISSN 2076-3921, Published in MDPIHesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits by Paolo Bellavite, Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy and Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy
35Interaction of vitamin C and iron, PubMed, 1980, Lynch SR, Cook JD. Interaction of vitamin C and iron. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;355:32-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21325.x. PMID: 6940487.S R Lynch, J D Cook, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6940487/
36Effect of High-dose Vitamin C Combined With Anti-cancer Treatment on Breast Cancer Cells,Anti-Cancer Research, February, 2019, SOO JUNG LEE, JAE-HWAN JEONG, IN HEE LEE, JEEYEON LEE, JIN HYANG JUNG, HO YONG PARK, DUK HEE LEE and YEE SOO CHAE, Anticancer Research February 2019, 39 (2) 751-758; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.13172https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/39/2/751
45… During fermentation and storage the amino acid profile of kefir changes and the number of free amino acids like lysine, proline, cysteine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and arginine increases (Farnworth and Mainville, 2008). Guzel-Seydim et al. (2003) reported higher amounts of threonine, serine, alanine, lysine, and ammonia in kefir samples than in milk. According to Irigoyen et al. (2012), the essential amino acid phenylalanine is the only amino acid whose content was higher in kefir than in yogurt and in a commercial fermented milk,Harun Kesenkaş
57Cyanide in the chemical arsenal of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata,PubMed, January 2007, Cipollini D, Gruner B. Cyanide in the chemical arsenal of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata. J Chem Ecol. 2007 Jan;33(1):85-94. doi: 10.1007/s10886-006-9205-x. PMID: 17146719.,Don Cipollini 1, Bill Gruner,Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA. don.cipollini@wright.edu https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17146719/Although cyanide production could result from breakdown products of glucosinolates, no cyanide was detected in vitro from decomposition of sinigrin, the major glucosinolate of garlic mustard
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74Sodium Intake and Heart Failure,PMC, December 13, 2020, Patel Y, Joseph J. Sodium Intake and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 13;21(24):9474. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249474. PMID: 33322108; PMCID: PMC7763082. Yash Patel1 and Jacob Joseph2,3,*1Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI 02914, USA; moc.liamg@12letaphsayrd
2Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
3Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3Research and Development Center, Taiko Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Kyoto, Japan.
4Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan; Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan; Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: shinji@vet.osakafu-u.ac.jp., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34536532/
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109Interaction of vitamin C and iron, PubMed, 1980, Lynch SR, Cook JD. Interaction of vitamin C and iron. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;355:32-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21325.x. PMID: 6940487.,S R Lynch, J D Cook, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6940487/
112Iron Overload, NIH, April 28, 2022 , Lisa A. McDowell; Pujitha Kudaravalli; Kristin L. Sticco., Author Information, Lisa A. McDowell; Pujitha Kudaravalli; Kristin L. Sticco1., Affiliations, 1 Stony Brook University Hospital, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526131/
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1The Cleveland Clinic, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
corresponding authorCorresponding author.
Corresponding Author: Manoj Monga. Stevan B. Streem Center for Endourology & Stone Disease, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue/Q10-1, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. TEL: +1-216-445-8678, FAX: +1-216-636-0770, gro.fcc@magnom, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265710/
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1The Cleveland Clinic, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
corresponding authorCorresponding author.
Corresponding Author: Manoj Monga. Stevan B. Streem Center for Endourology & Stone Disease, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue/Q10-1, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. TEL: +1-216-445-8678, FAX: +1-216-636-0770, gro.fcc@magnom, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265710/
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127Efficacy of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy athletic adults,PMC,January to March 2015,Choudhary B, Shetty A, Langade DG. Efficacy of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy athletic adults. Ayu. 2015 Jan-Mar;36(1):63-8. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.169002. PMID: 26730141; PMCID: PMC4687242., Bakhtiar Choudhary, A. Shetty,1 and Deepak G. Langade2, Hyderabad Spine Clinic, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
1Zela Life Health Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
2Department of Pharmacology, BVDU Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Address for correspondence: Dr. Deepak G. Langade, Dept. of Pharmacology, B.V.D.U. Dental College and Hospital, Sector 7, C.B.D. Belpada, Navi Mumbai – 400 614, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: moc.liamtoh@lgdrdhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687242/
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1Zela Life Health Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
2Department of Pharmacology, BVDU Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Address for correspondence: Dr. Deepak G. Langade, Dept. of Pharmacology, B.V.D.U. Dental College and Hospital, Sector 7, C.B.D. Belpada, Navi Mumbai – 400 614, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: moc.liamtoh@lgdrdhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687242/
129Chili, but Not Turmeric, Inhibits Iron Absorption in Young Women from an Iron-Fortified Composite Meal, The Journal of Nutrition,Volume 136, Issue 12, December 2006, Siriporn Tuntipopipat, Kunchit Judprasong, Christophe Zeder, Emorn Wasantwisut, Pattanee Winichagoon, Somsri Charoenkiatkul, Richard Hurrell, Thomas WalczykThe Journal of Nutrition, Volume 136, Issue 12, December 2006, Pages 2970–2974, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.12.2970Published: 01 December 2006 https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/136/12/2970/4663953
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145Excess Folic Acid Increases Lipid Storage, Weight Gain, and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats,PubMed, September 23, 2016, Kelly KB, Kennelly JP, Ordonez M, Nelson R, Leonard K, Stabler S, Gomez-Muñoz A, Field CJ, Jacobs RL. Excess Folic Acid Increases Lipid Storage, Weight Gain, and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Nutrients. 2016 Sep 23;8(10):594. doi: 10.3390/nu8100594. PMID: 27669293; PMCID: PMC5083982.Karen B Kelly 1, John P Kennelly 2, Marta Ordonez 3, Randal Nelson 4, Kelly Leonard 5, Sally Stabler 6, Antonio Gomez-Muñoz 7, Catherine J Field 8, René L Jacobs 9 10, 1Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. kkelly1@ualberta.ca.
2Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. jkennell@ualberta.ca.
3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48080, Spain. marta.ordonez87@gmail.com.
4Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. rn1@ualberta.ca.
5Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. kmd4@ualberta.ca.
6Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80206, USA. Sally.Stabler@ucdenver.edu.
7Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48080, Spain. antonio.gomez@ehu.es.
8Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. cjfield@ualberta.ca.
9Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. rjacobs@ualberta.ca.
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151Excess Folic Acid Increases Lipid Storage, Weight Gain, and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats, Kelly KB, Kennelly JP, Ordonez M, Nelson R, Leonard K, Stabler S, Gomez-Muñoz A, Field CJ, Jacobs RL. Excess Folic Acid Increases Lipid Storage, Weight Gain, and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Nutrients. 2016 Sep 23;8(10):594. doi: 10.3390/nu8100594. PMID: 27669293; PMCID: PMC5083982.Karen B Kelly 1, John P Kennelly 2, Marta Ordonez 3, Randal Nelson 4, Kelly Leonard 5, Sally Stabler 6, Antonio Gomez-Muñoz 7, Catherine J Field 8, René L Jacobs 9 10, 1Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. kkelly1@ualberta.ca.
2Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. jkennell@ualberta.ca.
3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48080, Spain. marta.ordonez87@gmail.com.
4Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. rn1@ualberta.ca.
5Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. kmd4@ualberta.ca.
6Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80206, USA. Sally.Stabler@ucdenver.edu.
7Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48080, Spain. antonio.gomez@ehu.es.
8Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. cjfield@ualberta.ca.
9Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada. rjacobs@ualberta.ca.
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164Enhancement of Vitamin D Metabolites in the Eye following Vitamin D3 Supplementation and UV-B Irradiation,PMC, May 25, 2012, Lin Y, Ubels JL, Schotanus MP, Yin Z, Pintea V, Hammock BD, Watsky MA. Enhancement of vitamin D metabolites in the eye following vitamin D3 supplementation and UV-B irradiation. Curr Eye Res. 2012 Oct;37(10):871-8. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2012.688235. Epub 2012 May 25. PMID: 22632164; PMCID: PMC3572765.Yanping Lin,a John L. Ubels,b Mark P. Schotanus,b Zhaohong Yin,c Victorina Pintea,c Bruce D. Hammock,a and Mitchell A. Watskyc, aDepartment of Entomology & Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
bDepartment of Biology, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
cDepartment of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
Corresponding Author: Mitchell A. Watsky, Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, ude.cshtu@ykstawm, phone: 1-901-448-8206, fax: 1-901-448-7126 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572765/
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Matthias Wacker and Michael F. Holick* Department of Medicine; Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes; Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory; Boston University Medical Center; Boston, MA USA
*Correspondence to: Michael F. Holick, Email: ude.ub@kcilohfm
Wacker M, Holick MF. Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013 Jan 1;5(1):51-108. doi: 10.4161/derm.24494. PMID: 24494042 ; PMCID: PMC3897598.
Matthias Wacker and Michael F. Holick* Department of Medicine; Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes; Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory; Boston University Medical Center; Boston, MA USA
*Correspondence to: Michael F. Holick, Email: ude.ub@kcilohfm
Wacker M, Holick MF. Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013 Jan 1;5(1):51-108. doi: 10.4161/derm.24494. PMID: 24494042 ; PMCID: PMC3897598.
Matthias Wacker and Michael F. Holick* Department of Medicine; Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes; Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory; Boston University Medical Center; Boston, MA USA
*Correspondence to: Michael F. Holick, Email: ude.ub@kcilohfm
Wacker M, Holick MF. Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013 Jan 1;5(1):51-108. doi: 10.4161/derm.24494. PMID: 24494042 ; PMCID: PMC3897598.
Matthias Wacker and Michael F. Holick* Department of Medicine; Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes; Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory; Boston University Medical Center; Boston, MA USA
*Correspondence to: Michael F. Holick, Email: ude.ub@kcilohfm
179Vitamin D for Health: A Global Perspective, PMC, June 18, 2013, Hossein-nezhad A, Holick MF. Vitamin D for health: a global perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Jul;88(7):720-55. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.011. Epub 2013 Jun 18. PMID: 23790560; PMCID: PMC3761874.,Arash Hossein-nezhad, MD, PhD and Michael F. Holick, PhD, MD , Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MACorrespondence: Address to Michael F. Holick, PhD, MD, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E Newton St, M-1013, Boston, MA 02118. (ude.ub@kcilohfm)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3761874/
182Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS, PMC, December 2015, Cortese M, Riise T, Bjørnevik K, Holmøy T, Kampman MT, Magalhaes S, Pugliatti M, Wolfson C, Myhr KM. Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study. Mult Scler. 2015 Dec;21(14):1856-64. doi: 10.1177/1352458515578770. Epub 2015 May 6. PMID: 25948625; PMCID: PMC4657387.study, Marianna Cortese, Trond Riise, Kjetil Bjørnevik, Trygve Holmøy, Margitta T Kampman, Sandra Magalhaes, Maura Pugliatti, Christina Wolfson, and Kjell-Morten Myhr,Marianna Cortese, The KG Jebsen Centre for MS-Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway/Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway/Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Contributor Information.
190Fructose Consumption in the Development of Obesity and the Effects of Different Protocols of Physical Exercise on the Hepatic Metabolism,PubMed, April 2017, Pereira RM, Botezelli JD, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Mekary RA, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, de Moura LP. Fructose Consumption in the Development of Obesity and the Effects of Different Protocols of Physical Exercise on the Hepatic Metabolism. Nutrients. 2017 Apr 20;9(4):405. doi: 10.3390/nu9040405. PMID: 28425939; PMCID: PMC5409744. ,Rodrigo Martins Pereira 1, José Diego Botezelli 2, Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues 3, Rania A Mekary 4 5, Dennys Esper Cintra 6, José Rodrigo Pauli 7, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva 8, Eduardo Rochete Ropelle 9, Leandro Pereira de Moura 10 , 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 13484-350 Limeira, Brazil. rodrigo_mpereira@hotmail.com.
2Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 13484-350 Limeira, Brazil. jdbotezelli@yahoo.com.br.
3Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 13484-350 Limeira, Brazil. kellen.rodrigues.nut@gmail.com.
4Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. rmekary@hsph.harvard.edu.
5Department of Social and Administrative Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. rmekary@hsph.harvard.edu.
6Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LABGeN), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 13484-350 Limeira, Brazil. dennys.cintra@fca.unicamp.br.
7Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 13484-350 Limeira, Brazil. jose.pauli@fca.unicamp.br.
8School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. adelinosanchez@usp.br.
9Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 13484-350 Limeira, Brazil. eduardo.ropelle@fca.unicamp.br.
10Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 13484-350 Limeira, Brazil. leandropereiram@hotmail.com.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28425939/
192Compared to Sucrose, Previous Consumption of Fructose and Glucose Monosaccharides Reduces Survival and Fitness of Female Mice1,2,3,PMC, December 10.2014, Ruff JS, Hugentobler SA, Suchy AK, Sosa MM, Tanner RE, Hite ME, Morrison LC, Gieng SH, Shigenaga MK, Potts, K. Compared to sucrose, previous consumption of fructose and glucose monosaccharides reduces survival and fitness of female mice. J Nutr. 201, 5 Mar;145(3):434-41. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.202531. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25733457; PMCID: PMC4336529.,James S Ruff,4,* Sara A Hugentobler,4 Amanda K Suchy,4,5 Mirtha M Sosa,4 Ruth E Tanner,4 Megumi E Hite,4 Linda C Morrison,4 Sin H Gieng,6 Mark K Shigenaga,6 and Wayne K Potts4, 4Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT;
5School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; and
6Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
1Supported by NIH grant RO1-GM039578, National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB 09-18969 (WKP), NIH grant R01-GM109500 (WKP), NSF GK-12 Educational Outreach Fellowship DGE 08-41233 (JSR), and NSF-funded Western Alliance to Expand Student Opportunities HRD-1101728 (MMS).
2 Author disclosures: JS Ruff, SA Hugentobler, AK Suchy, MM Sosa, RE Tanner, ME Hite, LC Morrison, SH Gieng, MK Shigenaga, and WK Potts, no conflicts of interest.
3Supplemental Tables 1–4 and Supplemental Figure 1 are available from the “Online Supporting Material” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at http://jn.nutrition.org.
194Chronic high fructose intake reduces serum 1,25 (OH)2D3 levels in calcium-sufficient rodents, Douard V, Patel C, Lee J, Tharabenjasin P, Williams E, Fritton JC, Sabbagh Y, Ferraris RP. Chronic high fructose intake reduces serum 1,25 (OH)2D3 levels in calcium-sufficient rodents. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 9;9(4):e93611. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093611. PMID: 24718641; PMCID: PMC3981704.,Veronique Douard 1, Chirag Patel 1, Jacklyn Lee 1, Phuntila Tharabenjasin 1, Edek Williams 2, J Christopher Fritton 3, Yves Sabbagh 4, Ronaldo P Ferraris 1, 1Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (RBHS), Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America.
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedics, New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
4Tissue Protection and Repair, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24718641/
202Vitamin D Deficiency, Smoking, and Lung Function in the Normative Aging Study,PMC, October 1, 2012, Lange NE, Sparrow D, Vokonas P, Litonjua AA. Vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and lung function in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Oct 1;186(7):616-21. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201110-1868OC. Epub 2012 Jul 19. PMID: 22822023; PMCID: PMC3480523, Nancy E. Lange,corresponding author1,2,3 David Sparrow,4 Pantel Vokonas,4 and Augusto A. Litonjua1,2,3, 1Channing Laboratory and
2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
4Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
203Vitamin D Deficiency, Smoking, and Lung Function in the Normative Aging Study,PMC, October 1, 2012, Lange NE, Sparrow D, Vokonas P, Litonjua AA. Vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and lung function in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Oct 1;186(7):616-21. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201110-1868OC. Epub 2012 Jul 19. PMID: 22822023; PMCID: PMC3480523, Nancy E. Lange,corresponding author1,2,3 David Sparrow,4 Pantel Vokonas,4 and Augusto A. Litonjua1,2,3, 1Channing Laboratory and
2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
4Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
204Vitamin D Deficiency, Smoking, and Lung Function in the Normative Aging Study,PMC, October 1, 2012, Lange NE, Sparrow D, Vokonas P, Litonjua AA. Vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and lung function in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Oct 1;186(7):616-21. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201110-1868OC. Epub 2012 Jul 19. PMID: 22822023; PMCID: PMC3480523, Nancy E. Lange,corresponding author1,2,3 David Sparrow,4 Pantel Vokonas,4 and Augusto A. Litonjua1,2,3, 1Channing Laboratory and
2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
4Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
205Vitamin D Deficiency, Smoking, and Lung Function in the Normative Aging Study,PMC, October 1, 2012, Lange NE, Sparrow D, Vokonas P, Litonjua AA. Vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and lung function in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Oct 1;186(7):616-21. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201110-1868OC. Epub 2012 Jul 19. PMID: 22822023; PMCID: PMC3480523, Nancy E. Lange,corresponding author1,2,3 David Sparrow,4 Pantel Vokonas,4 and Augusto A. Litonjua1,2,3, 1Channing Laboratory and
2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
4Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
206Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system,PubMed, April 27, 2010, Baeke F, Takiishi T, Korf H, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;10(4):482-96. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001. Epub 2010 Apr 27. PMID: 20427238. Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. 3000 Leuven, Belgium. , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20427238/
207The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function,PubMed, March 1, 2002, Joos L, He JQ, Shepherdson MB, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Paré PD, Sandford AJ. The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function. Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Mar 1;11(5):569-76. doi: 10.1093/hmg/11.5.569. Erratum in: Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Apr, Ladina Joos 1, Jian-Qing He, Megan B Shepherdson, John E Connett, Nicholas R Anthonisen, Peter D Paré, Andrew J Sandford, University of British Columbia McDonald Research Laboratories/iCAPTURE Center, St Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11875051/
208The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function,PubMed, March 1, 2002, Joos L, He JQ, Shepherdson MB, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Paré PD, Sandford AJ. The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function. Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Mar 1;11(5):569-76. doi: 10.1093/hmg/11.5.569. Erratum in: Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Apr, Ladina Joos 1, Jian-Qing He, Megan B Shepherdson, John E Connett, Nicholas R Anthonisen, Peter D Paré, Andrew J Sandford, University of British Columbia McDonald Research Laboratories/iCAPTURE Center, St Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11875051/
209The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function,PubMed, March 1, 2002, Joos L, He JQ, Shepherdson MB, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Paré PD, Sandford AJ. The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function. Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Mar 1;11(5):569-76. doi: 10.1093/hmg/11.5.569. Erratum in: Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Apr, Ladina Joos 1, Jian-Qing He, Megan B Shepherdson, John E Connett, Nicholas R Anthonisen, Peter D Paré, Andrew J Sandford, University of British Columbia McDonald Research Laboratories/iCAPTURE Center, St Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function,PubMed, March 1, 2002, Joos L, He JQ, Shepherdson MB, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Paré PD, Sandford AJ. The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function. Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Mar 1;11(5):569-76. doi: 10.1093/hmg/11.5.569. Erratum in: Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Apr, Ladina Joos 1, Jian-Qing He, Megan B Shepherdson, John E Connett, Nicholas R Anthonisen, Peter D Paré, Andrew J Sandford, University of British Columbia McDonald Research Laboratories/iCAPTURE Center, St Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11875051/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11875051/
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211 Carnosic acid potentiates the antioxidant and prodifferentiation effects of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in leukemia cells but does not promote elevation of basal levels of intracellular calcium, March 15, 2003, PubMed, Danilenko M, Wang Q, Wang X, Levy J, Sharoni Y, Studzinski GP. Carnosic acid potentiates the antioxidant and prodifferentiation effects of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in leukemia cells but does not promote elevation of basal levels of intracellular calcium. Cancer Res. 2003 Mar 15;63(6):1325-32. PMID: 12649194., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12649194/
212Toxic Ingredients You Should Avoid,Scentses4d,May 1, 2019, Anna Elize, adapted from article by Cherie Tamai
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236Magnesium Metabolism and its Disorders, PMC, May 2003, Swaminathan R. Magnesium metabolism and its disorders. Clin Biochem Rev. 2003 May;24(2):47-66. PMID: 18568054; PMCID: PMC1855626.R Swaminathan, Department of Chemical Pathology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH. UK, For correspondence: Prof R Swaminathan, e-mail: ku.ca.lck@nahtanimaws.r, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855626/
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24511 Best Foods to Boost Your Brain and Memory, Healthline,June 21, 2021, Written by Kerri-Ann Jennings, MS, RD — Medically reviewed by Kathy W. Warwick, R.D., CDE, Nutrition — Updated on https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/11-brain-foods
246Magnesium: The Missing Link in Mental Health?IMMH, Integrative Medicine for Mental Health,November 17, 2016, James Greenblatt, MD, Chief Medical Officer at Walden Behavioral Care in Waltham, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Tufts University School of Medicine and Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine
249Vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies,PubMed, January 2017, Jat KR. Vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Trop Doct. 2017 Jan;47(1):77-84. doi: 10.1177/0049475516644141. Epub 2016 May 13. PMID: 27178217., Kana Ram Jat 1, Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India drkanaram@gmail.com. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27178217/
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282Vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies,PubMed, January, 2017, Jat KR. Vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Trop Doct. 2017 Jan;47(1):77-84. doi: 10.1177/0049475516644141. Epub 2016 May 13. PMID: 27178217,Kana Ram Jat 1 , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27178217/
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284Top Foods High in Vitamin K2, WebMD , October 22, 2020, Editorial Contributors
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297Potential of Chlorella as a Dietary Supplement to Promote Human Health,PMC, September 12, 2020, Bito T, Okumura E, Fujishima M, Watanabe F. Potential of Chlorella as a Dietary Supplement to Promote Human Health. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 20;12(9):2524. doi: 10.3390/nu12092524. PMID: 32825362; PMCID: PMC7551956.Tomohiro Bito,1 Eri Okumura,2 Masaki Fujishima,2 and Fumio Watanabe1,* ,1Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; pj.ca.u-irottot@otib
306Nutritional Functional Value and Therapeutic Utilization of Amaranth, Intechopen,August 29th, 2019, Manuel Soriano-García and Isabel Saraid Aguirre-Díaz , DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86897, https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/67741
307Protein and Amino Acid Content in Four Brands of Commercial Table Eggs in Retail Markets in Relation to Human Requirements,PMC, March 2020, Attia YA, Al-Harthi MA, Korish MA, Shiboob MH. Protein and Amino Acid Content in Four Brands of Commercial Table Eggs in Retail Markets in Relation to Human Requirements. Animals (Basel). 2020 Mar 1;10(3):406. doi: 10.3390/ani10030406. PMID: 32121495; PMCID: PMC7142600.,Youssef A. Attia,1,* Mohammed A. Al-Harthi,1 Mohamed A. Korish,1 and Mohamed H. Shiboob2, 1Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; as.ude.uak@ihtrahlam (M.A.A.-H.); moc.oohay@hsirokmm (M.A.K.), 2Environmental Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; as.ude.uak@boobihsm*Correspondence: as.ude.uak@aittaay https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7142600/
332What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride?PubMed,February 2009, Bergman C, Gray-Scott D, Chen JJ, Meacham S. What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Feb;49(2):136-44. doi: 10.1080/10408390701764468. PMID: 18989832.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18989832/
333What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride?PubMed,February 2009, Bergman C, Gray-Scott D, Chen JJ, Meacham S. What is next for the Dietary Reference Intakes for bone metabolism related nutrients beyond calcium: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Feb;49(2):136-44. doi: 10.1080/10408390701764468. PMID: 18989832.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18989832/
340Nutritional Functional Value and Therapeutic Utilization of Amaranth, Submitted: April 3rd, 2019Reviewed: May 17th, 2019Published: August 29th, 2019, Manuel Soriano-García and Isabel Saraid Aguirre-Díaz , DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86897, https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/67741
378Potential Role of Sulfur-Containing Antioxidant Systems in Highly Oxidative Environments, PMC,November 25, 2014, Mukwevho E, Ferreira Z, Ayeleso A. Potential role of sulfur-containing antioxidant systems in highly oxidative environments. Molecules. 2014 Nov 25;19(12):19376-89. doi: 10.3390/molecules191219376 PMID: 25429562; PMCID: PMC6271769.Emmanuel Mukwevho,1,†*Zané Ferreira,2,† and Ademola Ayeleso2,†1Department of Biochemistry, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; E-Mails: moc.oohay@arierref.enaz (Z.F.); moc.liamg@oseleya.alomeda (A.A.)
399Are we getting enough sulfur in our diet? PubMed, November 6, 2007, Nimni ME, Han B, Cordoba F. Are we getting enough sulfur in our diet? Nutr Metab (Lond). 2007 Nov 6;4:24. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-4-24 PMID: 17986345 PMCID: PMC2198910, Marcel E Nimni, 1 Bo Han,1 and Fabiola Cordoba2 , 1Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 90032, USA
2Pediatrics Medical Group, San Juan, 00907, Puerto Rico
415Taurine Food Sources, June 18, 2022, Anna Elize
416Culinary Nutrition, The Science and Practice of Healthy Cooking,Academic Press, November 6, 2013, Pages 279-331. Jacqueline B.MarcusMS, RD, LD, CNS, FADA, President/Owner, Jacqueline B. Marcus and Associates, Food and Nutrition Consulting, Highland Park, Illinois USA, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123918826000078
429ALOE VERA: A SHORT REVIEW, PMC, 2008, Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple DG. Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163-6. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.44785. PMID: 19882025; PMCID: PMC2763764., Amar Surjushe, Resham Vasani, and D G Saple , From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Grant Medical College and Sir J J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai – 400 008 Maharashtra, IndiaAddress for correspondence: Dr. Amar Surjushe, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Grant Medical College, Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital, Mumbai – 400 008, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: moc.liamffider@ehsujrusramard https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763764/
430Aloe vera extract functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nanoantibiotics against multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates, PubMed, March 12, 2016, Ali K, Dwivedi S, Azam A, Saquib Q, Al-Said MS, Alkhedhairy AA, Musarrat J. Aloe vera extract functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nanoantibiotics against multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2016 Jun 15;472:145-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.03.021. Epub 2016 Mar 12. PMID: 27031596, Khursheed Ali1, Sourabh Dwivedi2, Ameer Azam3, Quaiser Saquib4, Mansour S Al-Said5, Abdulaziz A Alkhedhairy4, Javed Musarrat6 , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27031596/
431Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease from Aloe vera compounds: A molecular docking study,PubMed, September 2020, Mpiana PT, Ngbolua KT, Tshibangu DST, Kilembe JT, Gbolo BZ, Mwanangombo DT, Inkoto CL, Lengbiye EM, Mbadiko CM, Matondo A, Bongo GN, Tshilanda DD. Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease from Aloe vera compounds: A molecular docking study. Chem Phys Lett. 2020 Sep;754:137751. doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137751. Epub 2020 Jun 30. PMID: 33518775; PMCID: PMC7833182. Pius T Mpiana 1, Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua 2 3, Damien S T Tshibangu 1, Jason T Kilembe 1, Benjamin Z Gbolo 2 3, Domaine T Mwanangombo 1, Clement L Inkoto 2, Emmanuel M Lengbiye 2, Clement M Mbadiko 2, Aristote Matondo 1, Gedeon N Bongo 2, Dorothée D Tshilanda, 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, P.O Box 190, Kinshasa 11, Congo.2Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, P.O Box 190, Kinshasa 11, Congo.3Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gbado-Lite, P.O Box 111, Gbado-Lite, Congo. 1https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33518775/
433Ionophores: Ionophores are low molecular weight natural products which dissolve in the plasma membrane or intracellular membranes of cells and make the membrane permeable to specific ions, Science Direct,https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/ionophores
434Ionophores: Ionophores are low molecular weight natural products which dissolve in the plasma membrane or intracellular membranes of cells and make the membrane permeable to specific ions, Science Direct,https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/ionophores
441What to know about quinine in tonic water, Medical News Today, November 14, 2018 ,Jenna Fletcher,,Medically reviewed by Katherine Marengo LDN, R.D., Nutrition , https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323692
2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy, Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical, Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy, Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical, Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy, Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical, Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy, Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical, Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
457Effect of different exposed lights on quercetin and quercetin glucoside content in onion (Allium cepa L.) PMC,November 23, 2014, Ko EY, Nile SH, Sharma K, Li GH, Park SW. Effect of different exposed lights on quercetin and quercetin glucoside content in onion (Allium cepa L.). Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015 Jul;22(4):398-403. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.012 . Epub 2014 Nov 23. PMID: 26150744 ; PMCID: PMC4486465.Eun Young Ko,a,1 Shivraj Hariram Nile,a,1 Kavita Sharma,a Guan Hao Li,b,⁎ and Se Won Parka,⁎ aDepartment of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
bDepartment of Food Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
Guan Hao Li: nc.ude.uby@ilhg; Se Won Park: rk.ca.kuknok@krapwes
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460Evaluation of the total phenolics and quercetin content of foliage in mycorrhizal grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties and effect of postharvest drying on quercetin yield,Science Direct, February 20, 2012, M.EftekhariaM.AlizadehaP.Ebrahimib Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Golestan, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran bGonbad Institute of Higher Education, Golestan, Gonbad, Islamic Republic of Iran
464Estimated Daily Intake and Seasonal Food Sources of Quercetin in Japan,PMC, April 2, 2015, Nishimuro H, Ohnishi H, Sato M, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Matsunaga I, Naito S, Ippoushi K, Oike H, Nagata T, Akasaka H, Saitoh S, Shimamoto K, Kobori M. Estimated daily intake and seasonal food sources of quercetin in Japan. Nutrients. 2015 Apr 2;7(4):2345-58. doi: 10.3390/nu7042345 PMID: 25849945 ; PMCID: PMC4425148.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4425148/ A word of caution: this research also pretends that the quercetin content of foods is dependent on the season. But look closely: the ones that are in the December list as lacking quercetin do not even appear on the June-July list, They never have quercetin in them.
466Hypoglycemic Activity of Aloe vera Powder and Gel Drink in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats, Science Alert, 2020, Chatarina Wariyah and Riyanto Chatarina Wariyah and Riyanto , 2020. Hypoglycemic Activity of Aloe vera Powder and Gel Drink in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 14: 149-155.
Paolo Bellavite , Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy. Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/
Paolo Bellavite , Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy. Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/
Paolo Bellavite , Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy. Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/
472This graphic depiction of how hespiridin deactivates SARS-CoV 2 is clearer than those in PubMed,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/ and also copyright free. Antioxidants, EISSN 2076-3921, Published in MDPIHesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits by Paolo Bellavite, Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy and Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.Antioxidants 2020, 9(8), 742; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080742 Received: July 25, 2020, Revised: August 10, 2020 Accepted: 11 August 2020 / Published: 13 August 2020(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrigenomics and Antioxidant Components of Diet)
473As hesperidin is the dominant flavanone within oranges, there is a range of levels established within and between sweet oranges, tangerines, and sour oranges [45], although hesperidin is present in highest concentration in the peel.
From: Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease (Second Edition)
2018, Pages 431-440 , Chapter 32 – The Polyphenolic Compound Hesperidin and Bone Protection, Science Direct, September 28, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-04277-8 , Jenalyn L.Yumol⁎†Wendy E.Ward⁎†
⁎Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
†Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
476Aloe vera Gel as a Functional Ingredient and Natural Preservative in Mango Nectar, Researchgate, January 2014, DOI:10.5829/idosi.wjdfs.2014.9.2.1139
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483Biological Activity Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Polyprenylated Benzophenones from Garcinia celebica, MDPI,November 10, 2021, Biomedicines, Yenni Pintauli Pasaribu 1,2, Arif Fadlan 1 , Sri Fatmawati 1 and Taslim Ersam 1, 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; pasaribu@unmus.ac.id (Y.P.P.); afadlan@chem.its.ac.id (A.F.); fatma@chem.its.ac.id (S.F.) 2 Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Musamus University, Merauke 99600, Indonesia * Correspondence: paktichem@gmail.com; Tel.: +62-813-3073-1952 file:///G:/Downloads/biomedicines-09-01654-v2%20(1).pdfnd Ketosal, Scentses4d, September 18, 2021,https://scentses4d.wordpress.com/2021/09/18/ketosal/
485Biological Activity Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Polyprenylated Benzophenones from Garcinia celebica, MDPI,November 10, 2021, Biomedicines, Yenni Pintauli Pasaribu 1,2, Arif Fadlan 1 , Sri Fatmawati 1 and Taslim Ersam 1, 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; pasaribu@unmus.ac.id (Y.P.P.); afadlan@chem.its.ac.id (A.F.); fatma@chem.its.ac.id (S.F.) 2 Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Musamus University, Merauke 99600, Indonesia * Correspondence: paktichem@gmail.com; Tel.: +62-813-3073-1952 file:///G:/Downloads/biomedicines-09-01654-v2%20(1).pdfand Ketosal, Scentses4d, September 18, 2021,https://scentses4d.wordpress.com/2021/09/18/ketosal/
489Leucoefdin a potential inhibitor against SARS CoV-2 Mpro,PMC,June 17,2020,Singh A, Mishra A. Leucoefdin a potential inhibitor against SARS CoV-2 Mpro. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021 Aug;39(12):4427-4432. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1777903. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 34281489; PMCID: PMC7309301, Amit Singha and Abha Mishrab, aDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India;bSchool of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, IndiaCONTACT Abha Mishra ni.ca.uhbti@ecb.mahba, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7309301/
490Leucoefdin a potential inhibitor against SARS CoV-2 Mpro,PMC,June 17,2020,Singh A, Mishra A. Leucoefdin a potential inhibitor against SARS CoV-2 Mpro. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021 Aug;39(12):4427-4432. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1777903. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 34281489; PMCID: PMC7309301, Amit Singha and Abha Mishrab, aDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India;bSchool of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, IndiaCONTACT Abha Mishra ni.ca.uhbti@ecb.mahba, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7309301/
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516Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus, PMC,November 19, 2012, Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus. Front Microbiol. 2012 Nov 19;3:392. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00392. PMID: 23181058; PMCID: PMC3500876.Valentina Taverniti1 and Simone Guglielmetti1,* 1Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Edited by: Giorgio Giraffa, Agriculture Research Council, Fodder and Dairy Productions Research Centre, Italy
R
eviewed by: Marcela C. Audisio, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Argentina; Miriam Zago, Agriculture Research Council, Fodder and Dairy Productions Research Centre, Italy
*Correspondence: Simone Guglielmetti, Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy. e-mail: ti.iminu@ittemleilgug.enomis
This article was submitted to Frontiers in Food Microbiology, a specialty of Frontiers in Microbiology.
517Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus, PMC,November 19, 2012, Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus. Front Microbiol. 2012 Nov 19;3:392. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00392. PMID: 23181058; PMCID: PMC3500876.Valentina Taverniti1 and Simone Guglielmetti1,* 1Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Edited by: Giorgio Giraffa, Agriculture Research Council, Fodder and Dairy Productions Research Centre, Italy
Reviewed by: Marcela C. Audisio, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Argentina; Miriam Zago, Agriculture Research Council, Fodder and Dairy Productions Research Centre, Italy
*Correspondence: Simone Guglielmetti, Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy. e-mail: ti.iminu@ittemleilgug.enomis
This article was submitted to Frontiers in Food Microbiology, a specialty of Frontiers in Microbiology.
519Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers, PubMed, July 1, 2011,Messaoudi M, Violle N, Bisson JF, Desor D, Javelot H, Rougeot C. Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers. Gut Microbes. 2011 Jul-Aug;2(4):256-61. doi: 10.4161/gmic.2.4.16108, Epub 2011 Jul 1. PMID: 21983070.Michaël Messaoudi1, Nicolas Violle, Jean-François Bisson, Didier Desor, Hervé Javelot, Catherine Rougeot, ETAP-Ethologie Appliquée, 13 rue Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. mmessaoudi@etap-lab.com ,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21983070/
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521Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10 supplementation reduces respiratory infection duration in a cohort of elite athletes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, March 17, 2016, Michalickova D, Minic R, Dikic N, Andjelkovic M, Kostic-Vucicevic M, Stojmenovic T, Nikolic I, Djordjevic B. Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10 supplementation reduces respiratory infection duration in a cohort of elite athletes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Jul;41(7):782-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0541
2 Professor and Head, Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Dairy Microbiology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India.
4 Professor, Department of Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India.
5 Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India.
6 Professor, Department of Microbiology & Principal, Smt.L.P. Patel Institute of Med. Lab.Technology Pramukhswami Medical College & Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, India.
7 Central Research Services, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, India.
8 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India.
Corresponding author.
NAME, ADDRESS, E-MAIL ID OF THE CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Dr. Manisha Kalpesh Gohel, 6, Punit Bunglows, Near La Casaa
523The effect of Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk on acute changes in calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women, PubMed, April 4, 2004, Narva M, Nevala R, Poussa T, Korpela R. The effect of Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk on acute changes in calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr. 2004 Apr;43(2):61-8. doi: 10.1007/s00394-004-0441-y,
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527Oral intake of Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk whey decreased transepidermal water loss and prevented the onset of sodium dodecylsulfate-induced dermatitis in mice, PubMed,January 7, 2010, Baba H, Masuyama A, Yoshimura C, Aoyama Y, Takano T, Ohki K. Oral intake of Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk whey decreased transepidermal water loss and prevented the onset of sodium dodecylsulfate-induced dermatitis in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(1):18-23. doi: 10.1271/bbb.90370
528Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 ameliorates vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice by inhibiting fungal growth and NF-κB activation, PubMed,June 23, 2012,Joo HM, Kim KA, Myoung KS, Ahn YT, Lee JH, Huh CS, Han MJ, Kim DH. Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 ameliorates vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice by inhibiting fungal growth and NF-κB activation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Sep;14(1):39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.05.023
529Effect of milk fermented with a Lactobacillus helveticus R389(+) proteolytic strain on the immune system and on the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in mice, PubMed, July 2006,Rachid M, Matar C, Duarte J, Perdigon G. Effect of milk fermented with a Lactobacillus helveticus R389(+) proteolytic strain on the immune system and on the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2006 Jul;47(2):242-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00088.x. PMID: 16831211, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16831211/
530Milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus R389 and its non-bacterial fraction confer enhanced protection against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium infection in mice, PubMed,November 27, 2006, Vinderola G, Matar C, Perdigón G. Milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus R389 and its non-bacterial fraction confer enhanced protection against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium infection in mice. Immunobiology. 2007;212(2):107-18. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.09.003, Epub 2006 Nov 27. PMID: 17336831, Gabriel Vinderola1, Chantal Matar, Gabriela Perdigón, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, Tucumán (4000), Argentina. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17336831/
531Characterization of an antiproliferative exopolysaccharide (LHEPS-2) from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1, PubMed, February 5, 2014, Li W, Ji J, Tang W, Rui X, Chen X, Jiang M, Dong M. Characterization of an antiproliferative exopolysaccharide (LHEPS-2) from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1. Carbohydr Polym. 2014 May 25;105:334-40. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.093. Epub 2014 Feb 5. PMID: 24708988,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
532Anti-colon cancer and antioxidant activities of bovine skim milk fermented by selected Lactobacillus helveticus strains, PubMed, November 18, 2015,Elfahri KR, Vasiljevic T, Yeager T, Donkor ON. Anti-colon cancer and antioxidant activities of bovine skim milk fermented by selected Lactobacillus helveticus strains. J Dairy Sci. 2016 Jan;99(1):31-40. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-10160
. Epub 2015 Nov 18. PMID: 26601580.K R Elfahri1, T Vasiljevic1, T Yeager2, O N Donkor3 , College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Australia 8001.
College of Engineering and Science, Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Australia 8001.
College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Australia 8001. Electronic address: osaana.donkor@vu.edu.au.
533Characterization of a novel polysaccharide with anti-colon cancer activity from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1, PubMed,February 13, 2015,Li W, Tang W, Ji J, Xia X, Rui X, Chen X, Jiang M, Zhou J, Dong M. Characterization of a novel polysaccharide with anti-colon cancer activity from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1. Carbohydr Res. 2015 Jun 26;411:6-14. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.12.014
534Structural characterization and anticancer activity of cell-bound exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1, PubMed,March 31, 2015,Li W, Xia X, Tang W, Ji J, Rui X, Chen X, Jiang M, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Dong M. Structural characterization and anticancer activity of cell-bound exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Apr 8;63(13):3454-63. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01086
. Epub 2015 Mar 31. PMID: 25798529. †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.
‡Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.
535Probiotic and anti-inflammatory attributes of an isolate Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 from Mongolian fermented koumiss, PMC, October 2, 2015, Rong J, Zheng H, Liu M, Hu X, Wang T, Zhang X, Jin F, Wang L. Probiotic and anti-inflammatory attributes of an isolate Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 from Mongolian fermented koumiss. BMC Microbiol. 2015 Oct 2;15:196. doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0525-2 PMID: 26428623; PMCID: PMC4591576. Jingjing Rong,#Houfeng Zheng,#Ming Liu,Xu Hu,Tao Wang,Xingwei Zhang,Feng Jin,and Li WangThe Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
536Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens: From Isolation and Taxonomy to Probiotic Properties and Applications,PubMed, October 16, 2021, Georgalaki M, Zoumpopoulou G, Anastasiou R, Kazou M, Tsakalidou E. Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens: From Isolation and Taxonomy to Probiotic Properties and Applications. Microorganisms. 2021 Oct 16;9(10):2158. doi: 110.3390/microorganisms9102158
539Effects of ingesting milk fermented by Lactococcus lactis H61 on skin health in young women: a randomized double-blind study,PubMed, July 11, 2014,Kimoto-Nira H, Nagakura Y, Kodama C, Shimizu T, Okuta M, Sasaki K, Koikawa N, Sakuraba K, Suzuki C, Suzuki Y. Effects of ingesting milk fermented by Lactococcus lactis H61 on skin health in young women: a randomized double-blind study. J Dairy Sci. 2014 Sep;97(9):5898-903. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-7980
540Oral intake of heat-killed cells of Lactococcus lactis strain H61 promotes skin health in women, PMC,December 6, 2012, Kimoto-Nira H, Aoki R, Sasaki K, Suzuki C, Mizumachi K. Oral intake of heat-killed cells of Lactococcus lactis strain H61 promotes skin health in women. J Nutr Sci. 2012 Dec 6;1:e18. doi: 10.1017/jns.2012.22 . PMID: 25191547; PMCID: PMC4153081.Hiromi Kimoto-Nira,*Reiji Aoki,Keisuke Sasaki,Chise Suzuki,and Koko MizumachiNARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
*Corresponding author: Dr H. Kimoto-Nira, fax +81 298 388606, email pj.og.crffa@enna
541Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides Probiotics on Human Seasonal and Avian Influenza Viruses, PubMed,June 28, 2018,Bae JY, Kim JI, Park S, Yoo K, Kim IH, Joo W, Ryu BH, Park MS, Lee I, Park MS. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides Probiotics on Human Seasonal and Avian Influenza Viruses. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Jun 28;28(6):893-901. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1804.04001, 10.4014/jmb.1804.04001 PMID: 29847863. Joon-Yong Bae1, Jin Il Kim1, Sehee Park1, Kirim Yoo1, In-Ho Kim2, Wooha Joo3, Byng Hee Ryu3, Mee Sook Park1, Ilseob Lee1, Man-Seong Park1 Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
Daesang Co., Ltd., Icheon 17384, Republic of Korea.
547Computational evaluation of major components from plant essential oils as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, PMC, December 5, 2020, Kulkarni SA, Nagarajan SK, Ramesh V, Palaniyandi V, Selvam SP, Madhavan T. Computational evaluation of major components from plant essential oils as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Mol Struct. 2020 Dec 5;1221:128823. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128823. Epub 2020 Jul 4. PMID: 32834111; PMCID: PMC7334662.Seema A. Kulkarni,a Santhosh Kumar Nagarajan,b Veena Ramesh,c Velusamy Palaniyandi,a S. Periyar Selvam,d,∗∗ and Thirumurthy Madhavanb,∗ aDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
bDepartment of Genetic Engineering, Computational Biology Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
cStemOnc R&D Private Ltd, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, 600010
dDepartment of Food and Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
∗Corresponding author.Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
548The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157
549The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157
550The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157
551The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157
552The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157Spp stands for plural of species or multiple species.https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spp.
553Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809–1894) and Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818–1865): Preventing the Transmission of Puerperal Fever, Lane HJ, Blum N, Fee E. Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) and Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818-1865): preventing the transmission of puerperal fever. Am J Public Health. 2010 Jun;100(6):1008-9. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.185363 Epub 2010 Apr 15. PMID: 20395569 ; PMCID: PMC2866610.Hilary J. Lane, MLS, Nava Blum, PhD, and Elizabeth Fee, PhD, Hilary J. Lane is with The Mayo Foundation History of Medicine Library, Rochester, MN. Nava Blum is with the Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel. Elizabeth Fee is with the History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Correspondence should be sent to Ms. Ba Ba Chang, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Building 38, Bethesda, MD 20894 (e-mail: vog.hin.liam@bgnahc). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the “Reprints/Eprints” link.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866610/
555Bacterial Hand Contamination and Transfer after Use of Contaminated Bulk-Soap-Refillable Dispensers, PMC,May 2011, ▿†, Zapka CA, Campbell EJ, Maxwell SL, Gerba CP, Dolan MJ, Arbogast JW, Macinga DR. Bacterial hand contamination and transfer after use of contaminated bulk-soap-refillable dispensers. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 May;77(9):2898-904. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02632-10 Epub 2011 Mar 18. PMID: 21421792 PMCID: PMC3126420.Carrie A. Zapka,1,* Esther J. Campbell,2 Sheri L. Maxwell,3 Charles P. Gerba,3 Michael J. Dolan,1 James W. Arbogast,1 and David R. Macinga1, 2BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Bozeman, Montana 59715
3Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
563Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents—Myth or Real Alternative?PMC, June 24, 2019,
Wińska K, Mączka W, Łyczko J, Grabarczyk M, Czubaszek A, Szumny A. Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents-Myth or Real Alternative? Molecules. 2019 Jun 5;24(11):2130. doi: 10.3390/molecules24112130 PMID: 31195752 ; PMCID: PMC6612361.Katarzyna Wińska,1,*Wanda Mączka,1,*Jacek Łyczko,1Małgorzata Grabarczyk,1Anna Czubaszek,2and Antoni Szumny1 1Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@okzcyl.kecaj (J.Ł.); lp.teno@bargam (M.G.); lp.ude.rwpu@ynmuzs.inotna (A.S.)
2Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@kezsabuzc.anna
564Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents—Myth or Real Alternative?
Wińska K, Mączka W, Łyczko J, Grabarczyk M, Czubaszek A, Szumny A. Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents-Myth or Real Alternative? Molecules. 2019 Jun 5;24(11):2130. doi: 10.3390/molecules24112130 PMID: 31195752 ; PMCID: PMC6612361.Katarzyna Wińska,1,*Wanda Mączka,1,*Jacek Łyczko,1Małgorzata Grabarczyk,1Anna Czubaszek,2and Antoni Szumny1 1Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@okzcyl.kecaj (J.Ł.); lp.teno@bargam (M.G.); lp.ude.rwpu@ynmuzs.inotna (A.S.)
2Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@kezsabuzc.anna
567An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses,PubMed, March 2021, Wani AR, Yadav K, Khursheed A, Rather MA. An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses. Microb Pathog. 2021 Mar;152:104620. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104620. Epub 2020 Nov 16. PMID: 33212200, Abdul Rouf Wani1, Kanchan Yadav2, Aadil Khursheed3, Manzoor Ahmad Rather4 Department of Botany, Madhyanchal Professional University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India.
Department of Botany, Madhyanchal Professional University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India. Electronic address: kanchanyadav0512@gmail.com.
Department of Chemistry, Madhyanchal Professional University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India.
Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, 192122, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Electronic address: manzooriiim@gmail.com.
568Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents—Myth or Real Alternative?PMC, June 24, 2019,
Wińska K, Mączka W, Łyczko J, Grabarczyk M, Czubaszek A, Szumny A. Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents-Myth or Real Alternative? Molecules. 2019 Jun 5;24(11):2130. doi: 10.3390/molecules24112130 PMID: 31195752 ; PMCID: PMC6612361.Katarzyna Wińska,1,*Wanda Mączka,1,*Jacek Łyczko,1Małgorzata Grabarczyk,1Anna Czubaszek,2and Antoni Szumny1 1Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@okzcyl.kecaj (J.Ł.); lp.teno@bargam (M.G.); lp.ude.rwpu@ynmuzs.inotna (A.S.)
2Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@kezsabuzc.anna
569Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future, PMC, November 1, 2010, Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Rep. 2010 Nov 1;3(6):895-901. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2010.377 PMID: 21132119 ; PMCID: PMC2995283.,Janmejai K Srivastava,1,2,* Eswar Shankar,1,2 and Sanjay Gupta1,2,3 , 1Department of Urology & Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
2Department of Urology & Nutrition, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
3Department of Urology & Nutrition, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Correspondence to: Sanjay Gupta, Ph.D., Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, Phone: (216) 368 6162; Fax: (216) 368 0213; ude.esac@atpug.yajnas
572Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future, PMC, November 1, 2010, Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Rep. 2010 Nov 1;3(6):895-901. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2010.377 PMID: 21132119 ; PMCID: PMC2995283.,Janmejai K Srivastava,1,2,* Eswar Shankar,1,2 and Sanjay Gupta1,2,3 , 1Department of Urology & Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, 2Department of Urology & Nutrition, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, 3Department of Urology & Nutrition, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,Correspondence to: Sanjay Gupta, Ph.D., Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, Phone: (216) 368 6162; Fax: (216) 368 0213; ude.esac@atpug.yajnas, *Current address: Amity Institute of Biotechnology (Mango Orchard Campus), Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Viraj Khand 5, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, India, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995283/
573Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils,PubMed, May 24, 2010, Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Phytother Res. 2010 May;24(5):673-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2955; PMCID: PMC7167768, Akram Astani1, Jürgen Reichling, Paul Schnitzler, Department of Virology, Hygiene Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19653195
574Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils,PubMed, May 24, 2010, Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Phytother Res. 2010 May;24(5):673-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2955; PMCID: PMC7167768, Akram Astani1, Jürgen Reichling, Paul Schnitzler, Department of Virology, Hygiene Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19653195
2Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
3Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
4Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
5Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
6Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
7Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
8Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
9Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
10Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
11Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
12Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
13Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits, PMC, Aptil 22, 2013, Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417. PMID: 23609775; PMCID: PMC3705355.Joanne Slavin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55344, USA; E-Mail: ude.nmu@nivalsj; Tel.: +1-612-624-7234; Fax: +1-612-625-5272 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
17Prebiotic effects of pectooligosaccharides obtained from lemon peel on the microbiota from elderly donors using an in vitro continuous colon model (TIM-2),PubMed, November 18, 2020,Míguez B , Vila C , Venema K , Parajó JC , Alonso JL . Prebiotic effects of pectooligosaccharides obtained from lemon peel on the microbiota from elderly donors using an in vitro continuous colon model (TIM-2). Food Funct. 2020 Nov 18;11(11):9984-9999. doi:10.1039/d0fo01848a. PMID: 33119011., Beatriz Míguez1, Carlos Vila, Koen Venema, Juan Carlos Parajó, José Luis Alonso, Chemical Engineering Department – University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain. xluis@uvigo.es. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33119011/
19Chocolate, gut microbiota, and human health, PMC, February 7, 2013, Hayek N. Chocolate, gut microbiota, and human health. Front Pharmacol. 2013 Feb 7;4:11. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00011. PMID: 23405053; PMCID: PMC3566565. Nabil Hayek*, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada*Correspondence: ac.oohay@470eyahn
This article was submitted to Frontiers in Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, a specialty of Frontiers in Pharmacology.
579Prebiotic effects of pectooligosaccharides obtained from lemon peel on the microbiota from elderly donors using an in vitro continuous colon model (TIM-2),PubMed, November 18, 2020,Míguez B , Vila C , Venema K , Parajó JC , Alonso JL . Prebiotic effects of pectooligosaccharides obtained from lemon peel on the microbiota from elderly donors using an in vitro continuous colon model (TIM-2). Food Funct. 2020 Nov 18;11(11):9984-9999. doi:10.1039/d0fo01848a. PMID: 33119011., Beatriz Míguez1, Carlos Vila, Koen Venema, Juan Carlos Parajó, José Luis Alonso, Chemical Engineering Department – University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain. xluis@uvigo.es. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33119011/
581Chocolate, gut microbiota, and human health, PMC, February 7, 2013, Hayek N. Chocolate, gut microbiota, and human health. Front Pharmacol. 2013 Feb 7;4:11. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00011. PMID: 23405053; PMCID: PMC3566565. Nabil Hayek*, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada*Correspondence: ac.oohay@470eyahn
This article was submitted to Frontiers in Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, a specialty of Frontiers in Pharmacology.
Paolo Bellavite , Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy. Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/
Paolo Bellavite , Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy. Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/
Paolo Bellavite , Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy. Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/
586This graphic depiction of how hespiridin deactivates SARS-CoV 2 is clearer than those in PubMed,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823497/ and also copyright free. Antioxidants, EISSN 2076-3921, Published in MDPIHesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits by Paolo Bellavite, Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy and Alberto Donzelli, Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.Antioxidants 2020, 9(8), 742; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080742 Received: July 25, 2020, Revised: August 10, 2020 Accepted: 11 August 2020 / Published: 13 August 2020(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrigenomics and Antioxidant Components of Diet)
587As hesperidin is the dominant flavanone within oranges, there is a range of levels established within and between sweet oranges, tangerines, and sour oranges [45], although hesperidin is present in highest concentration in the peel.
From: Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease (Second Edition)
2018, Pages 431-440 , Chapter 32 – The Polyphenolic Compound Hesperidin and Bone Protection, Science Direct, September 28, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-04277-8 , Jenalyn L.Yumol⁎†Wendy E.Ward⁎†
⁎Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
†Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
590Aloe vera Gel as a Functional Ingredient and Natural Preservative in Mango Nectar, Researchgate, January 2014, DOI:10.5829/idosi.wjdfs.2014.9.2.1139
592Benefits of Hesperidin for Cutaneous Functions,PubMed, April 2, 2019, Man MQ, Yang B, Elias PM. Benefits of Hesperidin for Cutaneous Functions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Apr 2;2019:2676307. doi: 10.1155/2019/2676307. PMID: 31061668; PMCID: PMC6466919.,Mao-Qiang Man 1 2, Bin Yang 1, Peter M Elias 2, 1Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China.2Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31061668/
597Biological Activity Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Polyprenylated Benzophenones from Garcinia celebica, MDPI,November 10, 2021, Biomedicines, Yenni Pintauli Pasaribu 1,2, Arif Fadlan 1 , Sri Fatmawati 1 and Taslim Ersam 1, 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; pasaribu@unmus.ac.id (Y.P.P.); afadlan@chem.its.ac.id (A.F.); fatma@chem.its.ac.id (S.F.) 2 Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Musamus University, Merauke 99600, Indonesia * Correspondence: paktichem@gmail.com; Tel.: +62-813-3073-1952 file:///G:/Downloads/biomedicines-09-01654-v2%20(1).pdfnd Ketosal, Scentses4d, September 18, 2021,https://scentses4d.wordpress.com/2021/09/18/ketosal/
599Biological Activity Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Polyprenylated Benzophenones from Garcinia celebica, MDPI,November 10, 2021, Biomedicines, Yenni Pintauli Pasaribu 1,2, Arif Fadlan 1 , Sri Fatmawati 1 and Taslim Ersam 1, 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; pasaribu@unmus.ac.id (Y.P.P.); afadlan@chem.its.ac.id (A.F.); fatma@chem.its.ac.id (S.F.) 2 Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Musamus University, Merauke 99600, Indonesia * Correspondence: paktichem@gmail.com; Tel.: +62-813-3073-1952 file:///G:/Downloads/biomedicines-09-01654-v2%20(1).pdfand Ketosal, Scentses4d, September 18, 2021,https://scentses4d.wordpress.com/2021/09/18/ketosal/
603Leucoefdin a potential inhibitor against SARS CoV-2 Mpro,PMC,June 17,2020,Singh A, Mishra A. Leucoefdin a potential inhibitor against SARS CoV-2 Mpro. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021 Aug;39(12):4427-4432. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1777903. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 34281489; PMCID: PMC7309301, Amit Singha and Abha Mishrab, aDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India;bSchool of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, IndiaCONTACT Abha Mishra ni.ca.uhbti@ecb.mahba, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7309301/
604Leucoefdin a potential inhibitor against SARS CoV-2 Mpro,PMC,June 17,2020,Singh A, Mishra A. Leucoefdin a potential inhibitor against SARS CoV-2 Mpro. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021 Aug;39(12):4427-4432. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1777903. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 34281489; PMCID: PMC7309301, Amit Singha and Abha Mishrab, aDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India;bSchool of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, IndiaCONTACT Abha Mishra ni.ca.uhbti@ecb.mahba, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7309301/
617Gut Bacteria in Health and Disease, PMC, September 9, 2013, Quigley EM. Gut bacteria in health and disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2013 Sep;9(9):560-9. PMID: 24729765 ; PMCID: PMC3983973, Eamonn M. M. Quigley, MD, FRCP, FACP, FACG, FRCPI , Dr Quigley is chief of the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Houston Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas.
622Randomised clinical trial: Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 significantly alleviates irritable bowel syndrome and improves quality of life–a double-blind, placebo-controlled study,PubMed, May 2011,Guglielmetti S, Mora D, Gschwender M, Popp K. Randomised clinical trial: Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 significantly alleviates irritable bowel syndrome and improves quality of life–a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 May;33(10):1123-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04633.x
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623Effect of probiotic mix (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary prevention of eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, PubMed,March 21, 2010, Kim JY, Kwon JH, Ahn SH, Lee SI, Han YS, Choi YO, Lee SY, Ahn KM, Ji GE. Effect of probiotic mix (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary prevention of eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010 Mar;21(2 Pt 2):e386-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00958.x. Epub 2009 Oct 14. PMID: 19840300.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19840300/
626Lactose digestion from yogurt: mechanism and relevance, PubMed, May 2014,Savaiano DA. Lactose digestion from yogurt: mechanism and relevance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;99(5 Suppl):1251S-5S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.073023
630Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus, PMC,November 19, 2012, Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus. Front Microbiol. 2012 Nov 19;3:392. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00392. PMID: 23181058; PMCID: PMC3500876.Valentina Taverniti1 and Simone Guglielmetti1,* 1Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Edited by: Giorgio Giraffa, Agriculture Research Council, Fodder and Dairy Productions Research Centre, Italy
R
eviewed by: Marcela C. Audisio, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Argentina; Miriam Zago, Agriculture Research Council, Fodder and Dairy Productions Research Centre, Italy
*Correspondence: Simone Guglielmetti, Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy. e-mail: ti.iminu@ittemleilgug.enomis
This article was submitted to Frontiers in Food Microbiology, a specialty of Frontiers in Microbiology.
631Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus, PMC,November 19, 2012, Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus. Front Microbiol. 2012 Nov 19;3:392. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00392. PMID: 23181058; PMCID: PMC3500876.Valentina Taverniti1 and Simone Guglielmetti1,* 1Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Edited by: Giorgio Giraffa, Agriculture Research Council, Fodder and Dairy Productions Research Centre, Italy
Reviewed by: Marcela C. Audisio, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Argentina; Miriam Zago, Agriculture Research Council, Fodder and Dairy Productions Research Centre, Italy
*Correspondence: Simone Guglielmetti, Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy. e-mail: ti.iminu@ittemleilgug.enomis
This article was submitted to Frontiers in Food Microbiology, a specialty of Frontiers in Microbiology.
633Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers, PubMed, July 1, 2011,Messaoudi M, Violle N, Bisson JF, Desor D, Javelot H, Rougeot C. Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers. Gut Microbes. 2011 Jul-Aug;2(4):256-61. doi: 10.4161/gmic.2.4.16108, Epub 2011 Jul 1. PMID: 21983070.Michaël Messaoudi1, Nicolas Violle, Jean-François Bisson, Didier Desor, Hervé Javelot, Catherine Rougeot, ETAP-Ethologie Appliquée, 13 rue Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. mmessaoudi@etap-lab.com ,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21983070/
634The effect of Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk on sleep and health perception in elderly subjects,PubMed, September 12, 2007,Yamamura S, Morishima H, Kumano-go T, Suganuma N, Matsumoto H, Adachi H, Sigedo Y, Mikami A, Kai T, Masuyama A, Takano T, Sugita Y, Takeda M. The effect of Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk on sleep and health perception in elderly subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;63(1):100-5. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602898, pub 2007 Sep 12. PMID: 17851460, S Yamamura1, H Morishima, T Kumano-go, N Suganuma, H Matsumoto, H Adachi, Y Sigedo, A Mikami, T Kai, A Masuyama, T Takano, Y Sugita, M Takeda , Psychiatry, Department of Integrated Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan. yamamura@psy.med.osaka-u.ac.jphttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17851460/
635Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10 supplementation reduces respiratory infection duration in a cohort of elite athletes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, March 17, 2016, Michalickova D, Minic R, Dikic N, Andjelkovic M, Kostic-Vucicevic M, Stojmenovic T, Nikolic I, Djordjevic B. Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10 supplementation reduces respiratory infection duration in a cohort of elite athletes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Jul;41(7):782-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0541
2 Professor and Head, Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Dairy Microbiology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India.
4 Professor, Department of Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India.
5 Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India.
6 Professor, Department of Microbiology & Principal, Smt.L.P. Patel Institute of Med. Lab.Technology Pramukhswami Medical College & Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, India.
7 Central Research Services, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, India.
8 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India.
Corresponding author.
NAME, ADDRESS, E-MAIL ID OF THE CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Dr. Manisha Kalpesh Gohel, 6, Punit Bunglows, Near La Casaa
637The effect of Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk on acute changes in calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women, PubMed, April 4, 2004, Narva M, Nevala R, Poussa T, Korpela R. The effect of Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk on acute changes in calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr. 2004 Apr;43(2):61-8. doi: 10.1007/s00394-004-0441-y,
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641Oral intake of Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk whey decreased transepidermal water loss and prevented the onset of sodium dodecylsulfate-induced dermatitis in mice, PubMed,January 7, 2010, Baba H, Masuyama A, Yoshimura C, Aoyama Y, Takano T, Ohki K. Oral intake of Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk whey decreased transepidermal water loss and prevented the onset of sodium dodecylsulfate-induced dermatitis in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(1):18-23. doi: 10.1271/bbb.90370
642Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 ameliorates vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice by inhibiting fungal growth and NF-κB activation, PubMed,June 23, 2012,Joo HM, Kim KA, Myoung KS, Ahn YT, Lee JH, Huh CS, Han MJ, Kim DH. Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 ameliorates vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice by inhibiting fungal growth and NF-κB activation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Sep;14(1):39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.05.023
643Effect of milk fermented with a Lactobacillus helveticus R389(+) proteolytic strain on the immune system and on the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in mice, PubMed, July 2006,Rachid M, Matar C, Duarte J, Perdigon G. Effect of milk fermented with a Lactobacillus helveticus R389(+) proteolytic strain on the immune system and on the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2006 Jul;47(2):242-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00088.x. PMID: 16831211, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16831211/
644Milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus R389 and its non-bacterial fraction confer enhanced protection against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium infection in mice, PubMed,November 27, 2006, Vinderola G, Matar C, Perdigón G. Milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus R389 and its non-bacterial fraction confer enhanced protection against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium infection in mice. Immunobiology. 2007;212(2):107-18. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.09.003, Epub 2006 Nov 27. PMID: 17336831, Gabriel Vinderola1, Chantal Matar, Gabriela Perdigón, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, Tucumán (4000), Argentina. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17336831/
645Characterization of an antiproliferative exopolysaccharide (LHEPS-2) from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1, PubMed, February 5, 2014, Li W, Ji J, Tang W, Rui X, Chen X, Jiang M, Dong M. Characterization of an antiproliferative exopolysaccharide (LHEPS-2) from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1. Carbohydr Polym. 2014 May 25;105:334-40. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.093. Epub 2014 Feb 5. PMID: 24708988,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
646Anti-colon cancer and antioxidant activities of bovine skim milk fermented by selected Lactobacillus helveticus strains, PubMed, November 18, 2015,Elfahri KR, Vasiljevic T, Yeager T, Donkor ON. Anti-colon cancer and antioxidant activities of bovine skim milk fermented by selected Lactobacillus helveticus strains. J Dairy Sci. 2016 Jan;99(1):31-40. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-10160
. Epub 2015 Nov 18. PMID: 26601580.K R Elfahri1, T Vasiljevic1, T Yeager2, O N Donkor3 , College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Australia 8001.
College of Engineering and Science, Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Australia 8001.
College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Australia 8001. Electronic address: osaana.donkor@vu.edu.au.
647Characterization of a novel polysaccharide with anti-colon cancer activity from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1, PubMed,February 13, 2015,Li W, Tang W, Ji J, Xia X, Rui X, Chen X, Jiang M, Zhou J, Dong M. Characterization of a novel polysaccharide with anti-colon cancer activity from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1. Carbohydr Res. 2015 Jun 26;411:6-14. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.12.014
648Structural characterization and anticancer activity of cell-bound exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1, PubMed,March 31, 2015,Li W, Xia X, Tang W, Ji J, Rui X, Chen X, Jiang M, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Dong M. Structural characterization and anticancer activity of cell-bound exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Apr 8;63(13):3454-63. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01086
. Epub 2015 Mar 31. PMID: 25798529. †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.
‡Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.
649Probiotic and anti-inflammatory attributes of an isolate Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 from Mongolian fermented koumiss, PMC, October 2, 2015, Rong J, Zheng H, Liu M, Hu X, Wang T, Zhang X, Jin F, Wang L. Probiotic and anti-inflammatory attributes of an isolate Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 from Mongolian fermented koumiss. BMC Microbiol. 2015 Oct 2;15:196. doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0525-2 PMID: 26428623; PMCID: PMC4591576. Jingjing Rong,#Houfeng Zheng,#Ming Liu,Xu Hu,Tao Wang,Xingwei Zhang,Feng Jin,and Li WangThe Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
650Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens: From Isolation and Taxonomy to Probiotic Properties and Applications,PubMed, October 16, 2021, Georgalaki M, Zoumpopoulou G, Anastasiou R, Kazou M, Tsakalidou E. Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens: From Isolation and Taxonomy to Probiotic Properties and Applications. Microorganisms. 2021 Oct 16;9(10):2158. doi: 110.3390/microorganisms9102158
653Effects of ingesting milk fermented by Lactococcus lactis H61 on skin health in young women: a randomized double-blind study,PubMed, July 11, 2014,Kimoto-Nira H, Nagakura Y, Kodama C, Shimizu T, Okuta M, Sasaki K, Koikawa N, Sakuraba K, Suzuki C, Suzuki Y. Effects of ingesting milk fermented by Lactococcus lactis H61 on skin health in young women: a randomized double-blind study. J Dairy Sci. 2014 Sep;97(9):5898-903. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-7980
654Oral intake of heat-killed cells of Lactococcus lactis strain H61 promotes skin health in women, PMC,December 6, 2012, Kimoto-Nira H, Aoki R, Sasaki K, Suzuki C, Mizumachi K. Oral intake of heat-killed cells of Lactococcus lactis strain H61 promotes skin health in women. J Nutr Sci. 2012 Dec 6;1:e18. doi: 10.1017/jns.2012.22 . PMID: 25191547; PMCID: PMC4153081.Hiromi Kimoto-Nira,*Reiji Aoki,Keisuke Sasaki,Chise Suzuki,and Koko MizumachiNARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
*Corresponding author: Dr H. Kimoto-Nira, fax +81 298 388606, email pj.og.crffa@enna
655Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides Probiotics on Human Seasonal and Avian Influenza Viruses, PubMed,June 28, 2018,Bae JY, Kim JI, Park S, Yoo K, Kim IH, Joo W, Ryu BH, Park MS, Lee I, Park MS. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides Probiotics on Human Seasonal and Avian Influenza Viruses. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Jun 28;28(6):893-901. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1804.04001, 10.4014/jmb.1804.04001 PMID: 29847863. Joon-Yong Bae1, Jin Il Kim1, Sehee Park1, Kirim Yoo1, In-Ho Kim2, Wooha Joo3, Byng Hee Ryu3, Mee Sook Park1, Ilseob Lee1, Man-Seong Park1 Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
Daesang Co., Ltd., Icheon 17384, Republic of Korea.
661Computational evaluation of major components from plant essential oils as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, PMC, December 5, 2020, Kulkarni SA, Nagarajan SK, Ramesh V, Palaniyandi V, Selvam SP, Madhavan T. Computational evaluation of major components from plant essential oils as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Mol Struct. 2020 Dec 5;1221:128823. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128823. Epub 2020 Jul 4. PMID: 32834111; PMCID: PMC7334662.Seema A. Kulkarni,a Santhosh Kumar Nagarajan,b Veena Ramesh,c Velusamy Palaniyandi,a S. Periyar Selvam,d,∗∗ and Thirumurthy Madhavanb,∗ aDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
bDepartment of Genetic Engineering, Computational Biology Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
cStemOnc R&D Private Ltd, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, 600010
dDepartment of Food and Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
∗Corresponding author.Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
662The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157
663The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157
664The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157
665The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157
666The human skin microbiome, Nature, January 15, 2018, Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). aAllyson L. Byrd, b.Yasmine Belkaid & c.Julia A. Segre , a.Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, a.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA a.Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA, a. b.Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, a. b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a.b.c.National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA, a. Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, 94080, California, USA,b. Department of Intramural Research, b.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, c.Microbial Genomics Section, c.National Human Genome Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157Spp stands for plural of species or multiple species.https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spp.
667Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809–1894) and Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818–1865): Preventing the Transmission of Puerperal Fever, Lane HJ, Blum N, Fee E. Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) and Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818-1865): preventing the transmission of puerperal fever. Am J Public Health. 2010 Jun;100(6):1008-9. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.185363 Epub 2010 Apr 15. PMID: 20395569 ; PMCID: PMC2866610.Hilary J. Lane, MLS, Nava Blum, PhD, and Elizabeth Fee, PhD, Hilary J. Lane is with The Mayo Foundation History of Medicine Library, Rochester, MN. Nava Blum is with the Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel. Elizabeth Fee is with the History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Correspondence should be sent to Ms. Ba Ba Chang, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Building 38, Bethesda, MD 20894 (e-mail: vog.hin.liam@bgnahc). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the “Reprints/Eprints” link.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866610/
669Bacterial Hand Contamination and Transfer after Use of Contaminated Bulk-Soap-Refillable Dispensers, PMC,May 2011, ▿†, Zapka CA, Campbell EJ, Maxwell SL, Gerba CP, Dolan MJ, Arbogast JW, Macinga DR. Bacterial hand contamination and transfer after use of contaminated bulk-soap-refillable dispensers. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 May;77(9):2898-904. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02632-10 Epub 2011 Mar 18. PMID: 21421792 PMCID: PMC3126420.Carrie A. Zapka,1,* Esther J. Campbell,2 Sheri L. Maxwell,3 Charles P. Gerba,3 Michael J. Dolan,1 James W. Arbogast,1 and David R. Macinga1, 2BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Bozeman, Montana 59715
3Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
677Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents—Myth or Real Alternative?PMC, June 24, 2019,
Wińska K, Mączka W, Łyczko J, Grabarczyk M, Czubaszek A, Szumny A. Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents-Myth or Real Alternative? Molecules. 2019 Jun 5;24(11):2130. doi: 10.3390/molecules24112130 PMID: 31195752 ; PMCID: PMC6612361.Katarzyna Wińska,1,*Wanda Mączka,1,*Jacek Łyczko,1Małgorzata Grabarczyk,1Anna Czubaszek,2and Antoni Szumny1 1Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@okzcyl.kecaj (J.Ł.); lp.teno@bargam (M.G.); lp.ude.rwpu@ynmuzs.inotna (A.S.)
2Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@kezsabuzc.anna
678Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents—Myth or Real Alternative?
Wińska K, Mączka W, Łyczko J, Grabarczyk M, Czubaszek A, Szumny A. Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents-Myth or Real Alternative? Molecules. 2019 Jun 5;24(11):2130. doi: 10.3390/molecules24112130 PMID: 31195752 ; PMCID: PMC6612361.Katarzyna Wińska,1,*Wanda Mączka,1,*Jacek Łyczko,1Małgorzata Grabarczyk,1Anna Czubaszek,2and Antoni Szumny1 1Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@okzcyl.kecaj (J.Ł.); lp.teno@bargam (M.G.); lp.ude.rwpu@ynmuzs.inotna (A.S.)
2Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@kezsabuzc.anna
681An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses,PubMed, March 2021, Wani AR, Yadav K, Khursheed A, Rather MA. An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses. Microb Pathog. 2021 Mar;152:104620. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104620. Epub 2020 Nov 16. PMID: 33212200, Abdul Rouf Wani1, Kanchan Yadav2, Aadil Khursheed3, Manzoor Ahmad Rather4 Department of Botany, Madhyanchal Professional University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India.
Department of Botany, Madhyanchal Professional University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India. Electronic address: kanchanyadav0512@gmail.com.
Department of Chemistry, Madhyanchal Professional University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India.
Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, 192122, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Electronic address: manzooriiim@gmail.com.
682Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents—Myth or Real Alternative?PMC, June 24, 2019,
Wińska K, Mączka W, Łyczko J, Grabarczyk M, Czubaszek A, Szumny A. Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents-Myth or Real Alternative? Molecules. 2019 Jun 5;24(11):2130. doi: 10.3390/molecules24112130 PMID: 31195752 ; PMCID: PMC6612361.Katarzyna Wińska,1,*Wanda Mączka,1,*Jacek Łyczko,1Małgorzata Grabarczyk,1Anna Czubaszek,2and Antoni Szumny1 1Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@okzcyl.kecaj (J.Ł.); lp.teno@bargam (M.G.); lp.ude.rwpu@ynmuzs.inotna (A.S.)
2Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; lp.ude.rwpu@kezsabuzc.anna
683Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future, PMC, November 1, 2010, Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Rep. 2010 Nov 1;3(6):895-901. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2010.377 PMID: 21132119 ; PMCID: PMC2995283.,Janmejai K Srivastava,1,2,* Eswar Shankar,1,2 and Sanjay Gupta1,2,3 , 1Department of Urology & Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
2Department of Urology & Nutrition, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
3Department of Urology & Nutrition, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Correspondence to: Sanjay Gupta, Ph.D., Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, Phone: (216) 368 6162; Fax: (216) 368 0213; ude.esac@atpug.yajnas
686Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future, PMC, November 1, 2010, Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Rep. 2010 Nov 1;3(6):895-901. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2010.377 PMID: 21132119 ; PMCID: PMC2995283.,Janmejai K Srivastava,1,2,* Eswar Shankar,1,2 and Sanjay Gupta1,2,3 , 1Department of Urology & Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, 2Department of Urology & Nutrition, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, 3Department of Urology & Nutrition, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,Correspondence to: Sanjay Gupta, Ph.D., Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, Phone: (216) 368 6162; Fax: (216) 368 0213; ude.esac@atpug.yajnas, *Current address: Amity Institute of Biotechnology (Mango Orchard Campus), Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Viraj Khand 5, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, India, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995283/
687Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils,PubMed, May 24, 2010, Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Phytother Res. 2010 May;24(5):673-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2955; PMCID: PMC7167768, Akram Astani1, Jürgen Reichling, Paul Schnitzler, Department of Virology, Hygiene Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19653195
688Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils,PubMed, May 24, 2010, Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Phytother Res. 2010 May;24(5):673-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2955; PMCID: PMC7167768, Akram Astani1, Jürgen Reichling, Paul Schnitzler, Department of Virology, Hygiene Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19653195
693Prebiotic effects of pectooligosaccharides obtained from lemon peel on the microbiota from elderly donors using an in vitro continuous colon model (TIM-2),PubMed, November 18, 2020,Míguez B , Vila C , Venema K , Parajó JC , Alonso JL . Prebiotic effects of pectooligosaccharides obtained from lemon peel on the microbiota from elderly donors using an in vitro continuous colon model (TIM-2). Food Funct. 2020 Nov 18;11(11):9984-9999. doi:10.1039/d0fo01848a. PMID: 33119011., Beatriz Míguez1, Carlos Vila, Koen Venema, Juan Carlos Parajó, José Luis Alonso, Chemical Engineering Department – University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain. xluis@uvigo.es. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33119011/
695Chocolate, gut microbiota, and human health, PMC, February 7, 2013, Hayek N. Chocolate, gut microbiota, and human health. Front Pharmacol. 2013 Feb 7;4:11. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00011. PMID: 23405053; PMCID: PMC3566565. Nabil Hayek*, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada*Correspondence: ac.oohay@470eyahn
This article was submitted to Frontiers in Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, a specialty of Frontiers in Pharmacology.
719Happiness & Health: The Biological Factors- Systematic Review Article, PMC, November 2014, Dfarhud D, Malmir M, Khanahmadi M. Happiness & Health: The Biological Factors- Systematic Review Article. Iran J Public Health. 2014 Nov;43(11):1468-77. PMID:26060713 PMCID: PMC4449495.1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Dept. of Exceptional Children Psychology, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4. Dept. of Psychology, Allame Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
2Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
3Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. H. Mateika, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, 4646 John R (11R), Rm. 4332, Detroit, MI 48201 (ude.enyaw.dem@akietamj)
3Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan; moc.liamtoh@tayahmisaqm (M.Q.H.); moc.oohay@llamabeehs (S.M.)
4Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
5Molecular Immunology Unit, The Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
6Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (LMP), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
729Interaction Between Brain Histamine and Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine Systems: In Vivo Microdialysis and Electrophysiology Study,PubMed, March 29, 2015, Flik G, Folgering JH, Cremers TI, Westerink BH, Dremencov E. Interaction Between Brain Histamine and Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine Systems: In Vivo Microdialysis and Electrophysiology Study. J Mol Neurosci. 2015 Jun;56(2):320-8. doi: 10.1007/s12031-015-0536-3. Epub 2015 Mar 29. PMID: 25820671, Gunnar Flik 1, Joost H A Folgering, Thomas I H F Cremers, Ben H C Westerink, Eliyahu Dremencov, Brains On-Line BV, De Mudden 16, 9747 AW, Groningen, The Netherlands., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25820671/
736Serotonin Stimulating Scents, Dandhea, July 4, 2022
737A potentially lethal condition, serotonin syndrome (SS) is caused most often when certain antidepressant agents are taken concurrently with other drugs that modulate synaptic serotonin levels.1,2 When patients take two or more antidepressants from different pharmacologic classes, drug-drug interactions may occur; these interactions may lead to potentially severe serotonin toxicity, or SS. This syndrome was first described during the 1960s in studies of monotherapy and combination therapy with antidepressant medications. Some drugs that increase serotonin release are dextromethorphan, meperidine, methadone, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (also known as MDMA or ecstasy), and mirtazapine.Nov 17, 2010 , US Pharmacist, November 17, 2010, https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/drug-induced-serotonin-syndrome
2Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, U.S.A
Correspondence: Donald M. Dougherty, Ph.D., Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, MC7792, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900. Tel: +1 210-567-5391; Fax: +1 210-567-6914; Email: ude.ascshtu@dytrehguod, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC2908021/
742Tryptophane Food Sources, Dandhea, July 2, 2022
744Nitric oxide increases dopamine and serotonin release in the medial preoptic area, PubMed, October 25, 1993,Lorrain DS, Hull EM. Nitric oxide increases dopamine and serotonin release in the medial preoptic area. Neuroreport. 1993 Oct 25;5(1):87-9. doi: 10.1097/00001756-199310000-00024. PMID: 8280866, D S Lorrain 1, E M Hull, Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260., .https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8280866/
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753From Nitrate to Nitric Oxide: The Role of Salivary Glands and Oral Bacteria, PubMed, October 7, 2016, Qu XM, Wu ZF, Pang BX, Jin LY, Qin LZ, Wang SL. J Dent Res. 2016 Dec;95(13):1452-1456. doi: 10.1177/0022034516673019. Epub 2016 Oct 7. PMID: 27872324, X M Qu 1, Z F Wu 1, B X Pang 1, L Y Jin 1, L Z Qin 1, S L Wang 2 3, 1Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
2Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China slwang@ccmu.edu.cn.
3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27872324/
755The increase in plasma nitrite after a dietary nitrate load is markedly attenuated by an antibacterial mouthwash,Pubmed, August 30, 2008, Govoni M, Jansson EA, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO. The increase in plasma nitrite after a dietary nitrate load is markedly attenuated by an antibacterial mouthwash. Nitric Oxide. 2008 Dec;19(4):333-7. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2008.08.003. Epub 2008 Aug 30. PMID: 18793740.Mirco Govoni 1, Emmelie A Jansson, Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O Lundberg, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz väg 2, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28939409/
759Dose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: the Citrudose pharmacokinetic study, L-Citrulline, PubMed, October 22, 2007,
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761Citrulline food sources for Dopamine and SerontoninDandhea, July 2, 2022
762Deoiled sunflower seeds ameliorate depression by promoting the production of monoamine neurotransmitters and inhibiting oxidative stress, PubMed, January 21, 2021, Lu X , Ce Q , Jin L , Zheng J , Sun M , Tang X , Li D , Sun J . Deoiled sunflower seeds ameliorate depression by promoting the production of monoamine neurotransmitters and inhibiting oxidative stress. Food Funct. 2021 Jan 21;12(2):573-586. doi: 10.1039/d0fo01978j. Epub 2020 Dec 23. PMID: 33367360., Xiaomeng Lu 1, Qi Ce, Long Jin, Jie Zheng, Mei Sun, Xue Tang, Duo Li, Jin Sun,1Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China. sunj@qdu.eud.cn., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33367360/
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766Oxytocin and Food Intake Control: Neural, Behavioral, and Signaling Mechanisms, PMC,October 8, 2021, Liu CM, Spaulding MO, Rea JJ, Noble EE, Kanoski SE. Oxytocin and Food Intake Control: Neural, Behavioral, and Signaling Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 8;22(19):10859. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910859. PMID: 34639199; PMCID: PMC8509519. Clarissa M. Liu,1,2 Mai O. Spaulding,3 Jessica J. Rea,1,2 Emily E. Noble,3,* and Scott E. Kanoski1,2,*Jaroslav Kuneš, Academic Editor, Lenka Maletinska, Academic Editor, and Blanka Železná, Academic Editor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8509519/,
767Oxytocin, You and Your hormones, an education resource for the departmentof endicronology, December, 2020 Oxytocin is a hormone that acts on organs in the body (including the breast and uterus) and as a chemical messenger in the brain, controlling key aspects of the reproductive system, including childbirth and lactation, and aspects of human behaviour.
778Oxytocin stimulating scents, Dandhea, July 3, 2022
779Impact of Magnesium on Oxytocin Receptor Function, PMC, May 21, 2022, Bharadwaj VN, Meyerowitz J, Zou B, Klukinov M, Yan N, Sharma K, Clark DJ, Xie X, Yeomans DC. Impact of Magnesium on Oxytocin Receptor Function. Pharmaceutics. 2022 May 21;14(5):1105. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051105. PMID: 35631690; PMCID: PMC9144867.,Vimala N. Bharadwaj,1 Justin Meyerowitz,1 Bende Zou,2 Michael Klukinov,1 Ni Yan,2 Kaustubh Sharma,2 David J. Clark,1,3 Xinmin Xie,2 and David C. Yeomans1,*
Tomoyuki Furubayashi, Academic Editor and Daisuke Inoue, Academic Editor, 1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; ude.drofnats@bnalamiv (V.N.B.); ude.drofnats@woreyemj (J.M.); ude.drofnats@vonikulk (M.K.); ude.drofnats@kralcjd (D.J.C.)
781A zinc selective oxytocin based biosensor, PubMed, November 29, 2019, Mervinetsky E, Alshanski I, Tadi KK, Dianat A, Buchwald J, Gutierrez R, Cuniberti G, Hurevich M, Yitzchaik S. A zinc selective oxytocin based biosensor. J Mater Chem B. 2020 Jan 7;8(1):155-160. doi: 10.1039/c9tb01932d. Epub 2019 Nov 29. PMID: 31782469., Evgeniy Mervinetsky 1, Israel Alshanski 1, Kiran Kumar Tadi 1, Arezoo Dianat 2, Jörg Buchwald 2, Rafael Gutierrez 2, Gianaurelio Cuniberti 3, Mattan Hurevich 1, Shlomo Yitzchaik 1,1Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. mattan.hurevich@mail.huji.ac.il shlomo.yitzchaik@mail.huji.ac.il.
2Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. rafael.gutierrez@tu-dresden.de.
3Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. rafael.gutierrez@tu-dresden.de and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31782469/
782A zinc selective oxytocin based biosensor, PubMed, November 29, 2019, Mervinetsky E, Alshanski I, Tadi KK, Dianat A, Buchwald J, Gutierrez R, Cuniberti G, Hurevich M, Yitzchaik S. A zinc selective oxytocin based biosensor. J Mater Chem B. 2020 Jan 7;8(1):155-160. doi: 10.1039/c9tb01932d. Epub 2019 Nov 29. PMID: 31782469., Evgeniy Mervinetsky 1, Israel Alshanski 1, Kiran Kumar Tadi 1, Arezoo Dianat 2, Jörg Buchwald 2, Rafael Gutierrez 2, Gianaurelio Cuniberti 3, Mattan Hurevich 1, Shlomo Yitzchaik 1,1Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. mattan.hurevich@mail.huji.ac.il shlomo.yitzchaik@mail.huji.ac.il.
2Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. rafael.gutierrez@tu-dresden.de.
3Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. rafael.gutierrez@tu-dresden.de and Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31782469/
791Endorphins, Science Direct, 2017, The endorphins are a group of endogenous peptides that are larger in size and distributed differently in the CNS than are the endomorphins, enkephalins, or dynorphins.
794Relaxing effect of rose oil on humans, PubMed, February 4, 2009,, Hongratanaworakit T. Relaxing effect of rose oil on humans. Nat Prod Commun. 2009 Feb;4(2):291-6. PMID: 19370942.Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Rangsit-Ongkharak Road, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand. tapanee@swu.ac.thhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19370942/
795Rose Flowers-A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer?PubMed, January 21, 2021, Mileva M, Ilieva Y, Jovtchev G, Gateva S, Zaharieva MM, Georgieva A, Dimitrova L, Dobreva A, Angelova T, Vilhelmova-Ilieva N, Valcheva V, Najdenski H. Rose Flowers-A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer? Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 19;11(1):127. doi: 10.3390/biom11010127
799The effects of nutrients on mood,PubMed, September 1999, Benton D, Donohoe RT. The effects of nutrients on mood. Public Health Nutr. 1999 Sep;2(3A):403-9. doi: 10.1017/s1368980099000555. PMID: 10610080, D Benton 1, R T Donohoe, Department of Psychology, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, UK. d.benton@swansea.ac.uk, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10610080/
801Dietary fat ingestion activates β-endorphin neurons in the hypothalamus, PubMed, April 24, 2012, Matsumura S, Eguchi A, Okafuji Y, Tatsu S, Mizushige T, Tsuzuki S, Inoue K, Fushiki T. Dietary fat ingestion activates β-endorphin neurons in the hypothalamus. FEBS Lett. 2012 Apr 24;586(8):1231-5. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.028. Epub 2012 Mar 23. PMID: 22575661., Shigenobu Matsumura 1, Ai Eguchi, Yoko Okafuji, Sotaro Tatsu, Takafumi Mizushige, Satoshi Tsuzuki, Kazuo Inoue, Tohru Fushiki, 1Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. sigenobu@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22575661/
802Carbohydrate ingestion, blood glucose and mood,PubMed, May 2002, Benton D. Carbohydrate ingestion, blood glucose and mood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002 May;26(3):293-308. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00004-0. PMID: 12034132., David Benton 1, Department of Psychology, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK. d.benton@swansea.ac.uk, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12034132/
803Vitamin C, Pain and Opioid Use Disorder, PubMed, June 19, 2020, Zelfand E. Vitamin C, Pain and Opioid Use Disorder. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2020 Jun;19(3):18-29. PMID: 33132774; PMCID: PMC7572147, Erica Zelfand 1integrative family physician in private practice based in Portland, Oregon. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33132774/
804Acute Effects of Capsaicin on Proopioimelanocortin mRNA Levels in the Arcuate Nucleus of Sprague-Dawley Rats,PMC, April 30, 2012. Lee JS, Kim SG, Kim HK, Baek SY, Kim CM. Acute effects of capsaicin on proopioimelanocortin mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Psychiatry Investig. 2012 Jun;9(2):187-90. doi: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.2.187. Epub 2012 Apr 30. PMID: 22707971; PMCID: PMC3372568, 1Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
2Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.
3Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
4Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.
5Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.
808Increased Levels of Beta-Endorphin and Noradrenaline after a Brief High-Impact Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program in Multiple Sclerosis,PMC, May 19, 2022, d’Arma A, Saresella M, Rossi V, Marventano I, Piancone F, La Rosa F, Clerici M, Mendozzi L. Increased Levels of Beta-Endorphin and Noradrenaline after a Brief High-Impact Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program in Multiple Sclerosis. Life (Basel). 2022 May 19;12(5):755. doi: 10.3390/life12050755. PMID: 35629420; PMCID: PMC9143501, Alessia d’Arma,1 Marina Saresella,1,* Valentina Rossi,1 Ivana Marventano,1 Federica Piancone,1 Francesca La Rosa,1 Mario Clerici,1,2 and Laura Mendozzi1, 1IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; ti.ihccongnod@amrada (A.d.); ti.issorv@enoizirtun (V.R.); ti.ihccongnod@onatnevrami (I.M.); ti.ihccongnod@enocnaipf (F.P.); ti.ihccongnod@asoralf (F.L.R.); ti.iminu@icirelc.oiram (M.C.); ti.ihccongnod@izzodneml (L.M.)
2Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Via Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
809Effects of ginseng on stress-related depression, anxiety, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis,PMC, January, 24, 2017, Lee S, Rhee DK. Effects of ginseng on stress-related depression, anxiety, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Ginseng Res. 2017 Oct;41(4):589-594. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.010. Epub 2017 Jan 24. PMID: 29021708; PMCID: PMC5628357., Seungyeop Lee and Dong-Kwon Rhee, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Su-Won 16419, Republic of Korea
Dong-Kwon Rhee: ude.ukks@eehrkd
∗Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-guSuwon16419Republic of Korea ude.ukks@eehrkd https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628357/
812Evaluation of antidepressant activity of vanillin in mice, PMC, March-April 2013, Shoeb A, Chowta M, Pallempati G, Rai A, Singh A. Evaluation of antidepressant activity of vanillin in mice. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013 Mar-Apr;45(2):141-4. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.108292. PMID: 23716889; PMCID: PMC3660925.. Ahsan Shoeb, Mukta Chowta, Gokul Pallempati, Amritha Rai, and Ashish Singh, Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
bDepartment of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
cDepartment of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
dDepartment of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India
eDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
fDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
gDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
822Dietary foods containing nitric oxide donors can be early curators of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A possible role in the immune system, PMC, August 9, 2021, Swathi Krishna S, Thennavan A, Kanthlal SK. Dietary foods containing nitric oxide donors can be early curators of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A possible role in the immune system. J Food Biochem. 2022 Mar;46(3):e13884. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13884. Epub 2021 Aug 9. PMID: 34374096; PMCID: PMC8420599.S Swathi Krishna, 1 Arumugam Thennavan, 2 and S K Kanthlal 1 1 Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi Kerala, 682041 India,
2 Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi Kerala, 682041 India,
S K Kanthlal, Email: ude.atirma.smia@lalhtnakks, Email: moc.liamffider@lalkshtnak.
corresponding authorCorresponding author.
*Correspondence
S K Kanthlal, Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi, Kerala, India 682041.
828Propolis, Bee Honey, and Their Components Protect against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review of In Silico, In Vitro, and Clinical Studies, PubMed, February 25, 2021, Ali AM, Kunugi H. Propolis, Bee Honey, and Their Components Protect against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review of In Silico, In Vitro, and Clinical Studies. Molecules. 2021 Feb 25;26(5):1232. doi: 10.3390/molecules26051232. PMID: 33669054; PMCID: PMC7956496.Amira Mohammed Ali12, Hiroshi Kunugi13 , Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan.
Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt.
Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
833Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…,PMC, December 22, 2020, AMABousquet J, Czarlewski W, Zuberbier T, et al. Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2021;182(6):489-495. doi:10.1159/000513538MLABousquet, Jean et al. “Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only….” International archives of allergy and immunology vol. 182,6 (2021): 489-495. doi:10.1159/000513538APABousquet, J., Czarlewski, W., Zuberbier, T., Mullol, J., Blain, H., Cristol, J. P., De La Torre, R., Le Moing, V., Pizarro Lozano, N., Bedbrook, A., Agache, I., Akdis, C. A., Canonica, G. W., Cruz, A. A., Fiocchi, A., Fonseca, J. A., Fonseca, S., Gemicioğlu, B., Haahtela, T., Iaccarino, G., … Anto, J. M. (2021). Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…. International archives of allergy and immunology, 182(6), 489–495. https://doi.org/10.1159/000513538NLMBousquet J, Czarlewski W, Zuberbier T, Mullol J, Blain H, Cristol JP, De La Torre R, Le Moing V, Pizarro Lozano N, Bedbrook A, Agache I, Akdis CA, Canonica GW, Cruz AA, Fiocchi A, Fonseca JA, Fonseca S, Gemicioğlu B, Haahtela T, Iaccarino G, Ivancevich JC, Jutel M, Klimek L, Kuna P, Larenas-Linnemann DE, Melén E, Okamoto Y, Papadopoulos NG, Pfaar O, Reynes J, Rolland Y, Rouadi PW, Samolinski B, Sheikh A, Toppila-Salmi S, Valiulis A, Choi HJ, Kim HJ, Anto JM. Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only…. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2021;182(6):489-495. doi: 10.1159/000513538. Epub 2020 Dec 22. PMID: 33352565; PMCID: PMC7900475.aDepartment of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Berlin, Germany
AInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs’ Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
bUniversity hospital and MACVIA France, Montpellier, France
BDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
cMedical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois, France
CDivision of Infection, Allergy Department, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
dMASK-air, Montpellier, France
D2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens General Children’s Hospital “P&A Kyriakou,” University of Athens, Athens, Greece
eRhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic-Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
EDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
fDepartment of Geriatrics, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
FService de Gerontologie-CHU, Toulouse, France
gLaboratoire de Biochimie et Hormonologie, PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
GDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
hCIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
HDepartment of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
iIMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
IThe Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
jUniversitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
JVilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine & Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
kMaladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU, Montpellier, France
KMicrobiology and Functionality Research Group, Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
lFaculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
LSME Service Department, Strategy and Planning Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
mSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich-Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
MCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
nDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
NISGlobAL, Barcelona, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
oFundação ProAR, Federal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning Group, Salvador, Brazil
OAutonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
pDivision of Allergy, Department of Pediatric Medicine-The Bambino Gesù Children’s Research Hospital Holy see, Rome, Italy
PInterdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions CIRIAPA, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
qCINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal and MEDIDA, Lda, Porto, Portugal
rGreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
sDepartment of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
tSkin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
uDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
vServicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
wDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wrocław, Poland
xCenter for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
yDivision of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
zCenter of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
*Jean Bousquet, Department of Allergology, Macvia France, 273 avenue d’Occitanie, FR–34090 Montpellier (France), rf.egnaro@teuqsuob.naej
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